Gusobanura Izina: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku bisobanuro bya Transformer

Intangiriro

Buri transformateur ifite icyapa cy'icyuma gikoreshwa nk'ikarita yayo—icyapa cy'izina. Ku bahanga mu gutanga amasoko, injeniyeri, n'abacunga imitungo, gusobanukirwa aya makuru ni ingenzi. Icyapa cy'izina gikubiyemo imibare y'ingenzi igaragaza uburyo transformateur ishobora gukoreshwa, guhuzwa no kubungabungwa mu gihe cyose ikora.

Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura ibipimo by'ingenzi biboneka ku mapine y'amazina ya transformer, igasobanura icyo buri kimwe gisobanura n'impamvu ari ingenzi mu bijyanye no kubisobanura no kugura.

Igice cya mbere: Ibimenyetso by'Abahindura (Transformers) n'Amakuru y'Ibanze

Hejuru ya buri nyuguti y'izina, uzasangamo izina ry'uwakoze igikoresho n'inomero yihariye y'uruhererekane. Iyi nomero y'uruhererekane ni ingenzi mu gukurikirana inyandiko z'inganda, raporo z'ibizamini, n'inyandiko z'igishushanyo—cyane cyane icyemezo cy'amavuko cya transformer.

Itariki yo gukora (ukwezi n'umwaka) nayo ikunze gutangwa, bigatuma habaho isuzuma ry'imyaka no gutegura gahunda yo kubungabunga.

Izina ry'ikimenyetso rizagaragaza neza niba icyo gikoresho ari "transformer" cyangwa "autotransformer", umubare w'ibyiciro (by'icyiciro kimwe cyangwa bitatu), n'umuvuduko w'imikorere (ubusanzwe ni 50 Hz cyangwa 60 Hz).

Igice cya Kabiri: Ingano z'Ingufu n'Ingufu

Ingufu zipimwe (kVA cyangwa MVA).Ibi bigaragaza imbaraga zigaragara transformateur ishobora gutanga buri gihe kuri voltage n'inshuro zigenwe ntarengwa z'ubushyuhe. Ku transformateur zifite ibyiciro byinshi byo gukonjesha, amanota atandukanye ashobora kugaragazwa kuri buri buryo.

Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi.Amakuru y'amashanyarazi agaragara mu buryo bwihariye. Urugero, "230000GR.Y / 132800-69000GR.Y / 39840-12470" yerekana:

• Ingufu nyinshi zo kuzunguruka: 230.000 V umurongo ujya ku wundi, Y ihagaze hasi, 132.800 V ijya ku wundi ntarengwa
• Ingufu nke zo kuzunguruka: 69.000 V umurongo ujya ku wundi, Y ihagaze hasi, 39.840 V phase-to-neutral
• Inzira yo kuzenguruka: 12,470 V ihujwe na delta

Iyo hagaragaye agace gato k'umugozi, gatandukanya voltage kuva ku murongo kugera ku murongo n'volte y'igice kugeza ku gice cyo hasi. GR.Y cyangwa Grd.Y bigaragaza ko voltage idafite aho ihuriye n'umurongo igenewe gufatirwa hasi-1.

Gukanda amakuru.Ku mashini zihindura amatara zikoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi (transformers) zifite insinga zihindura amatara, imbonerahamwe igaragaza ingano y'amashanyarazi yerekana imiterere y'amashanyarazi kuri buri mwanya w'insinga, bityo abakoresha bagahitamo imiterere ikwiye y'imiterere ya sisitemu.

Igice cya Gatatu: Amakuru yerekeye impedance n'igihombo

Ijanisha ry'ingufu (%Z).Iyi parameter y'ingenzi, igaragazwa nk'ijanisha, igaragaza igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi ku mutwaro wuzuye. Igira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi magufi n'amabwiriza ya voltage. Agaciro gasanzwe kari hagati ya 4% na 15% bitewe n'ingano ya transformer. Ijanisha ry'impedansi rigaragazwa hagati ya buri mpande ebyiri, aho ishingiro rya kVA rigaragara.

Igihombo kidatwara umutwaro (Igihombo cy'icyuma).Ibi bihombo bibaho buri gihe igihe cyose transformateur ikoresha ingufu, hatitawe ku mutwaro. Bituruka ku gukurura igice cy'imbere kandi bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho by'ibanze.

Gutakaza Umuzigo (Gutakaza Umuringa).Ibi bihombo biratandukanye bitewe na kare y'umuvuduko w'umuzigo kandi bibaho mu mizunguruko bitewe n'ubudahangarwa. Ibihombo bike by'umuzigo bivuze ko imikorere myiza iri hejuru mu gihe cy'imizigo.

Igice cya Kane: Amakuru yerekeye ubukonje, ubushyuhe, n'uburyo bwo guhuza

Ishuri ryo gukonjesha.Transformers zikoresha amategeko asanzwe kugira ngo zigaragaze uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Ku bikoresho byinjijwe muri peteroli, amazina nka ONAN (Amavuta Natural Air Natural) cyangwa ONAF (Amavuta Natural Air Forced) asobanura uburyo bwo gukonjesha imbere n'inyuma no mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi. Transformateur yo mu bwoko bwumyes, hakoreshwa kode nka AN (Air Natural) cyangwa AF (Air Forced).

Izamuka ry'ubushyuhe.Ibi bigaragaza ubwiyongere ntarengwa bw'ubushyuhe buri hejuru y'ikirere transformateur ishobora kwihanganira buri gihe, ubusanzwe 55°C cyangwa 65°C ku bikoresho byinjijwe muri peteroli. Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe (A, B, F, H) kigaragaza ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwemewe bwo gukora.

Ishusho y'itsinda rya vektori n'ishusho y'umuyoboro.Ku bahinduramajwi ba polyphase, igishushanyo mbonera cya vector kigaragaza isano iri hagati y’impande zombi z’ibanze n’iz’inyongera. Inyito zisanzwe nka Dyn11 zigaragaza delta primary, wye secondary hamwe na neutral, hamwe na phase shift ya dogere 30. Ishusho mbonera yerekana imikoranire yose y’imbere n’ibimenyetso bya terminal.

Igice cya Gatanu: Amakuru yerekeye imiterere n'umutekano

Ibiro n'ingano y'amavuta.Ibyuma by'amazina bikunze kugaragaza uburemere bw'inkingi n'imigozi, ikigega n'ibikoresho, amavuta akingira ubushyuhe, uburemere bwose, n'igice kiremereye cyane cyo guterura. Ingano y'amavuta n'ubwoko bw'amazi akingira ubushyuhe nabyo biragaragazwa.

Urwego rw'ubushyuhe.Urwego rw'ibanze rwo gukingira umuyaga w'amashanyarazi (BIL) rugaragaza ubushobozi bwa transformer bwo kwihanganira ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zigenwa kuri buri zunguruka.

Urwego rw'amajwi.Amwe mu mazina arimo amanota y’urusaku muri desibeli, apimwe ku ntera isanzwe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku hantu hakorerwa ibikorwa byo kwibasirwa n’urusaku nko mu duce dutuwemo cyangwa mu bitaro.

Umwanzuro

Izina rya transformateur ni ibirenze kure kuba ikimenyetso cyoroshye—ni inyandiko yuzuye ya tekiniki isobanura ubushobozi n'imbogamizi by'umutungo. Ku bahanga mu by'amasoko, gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gusoma no gusobanura aya makuru bituma hashyirwaho ibisobanuro bikwiye, birinda amakosa mu mikorere, kandi bigatuma hafatwa ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye no guhitamo no gukoresha transformateur.