Transformers zidasanzwe za HVDC Flex: Gukoresha imbaraga z'umuyaga zikoreshwa mu nkombe kure

Intangiriro

Uko inganda z'umuyaga zo mu mazi zigenda zirushaho kuva ku nkombe—zirenga kilometero 100 zijya mu mazi menshi—uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu mazi bugera ku bushobozi bwa tekiniki. Insinga zo mu mazi zikora nk'ibikoresho binini, zikoresha ingufu zikora kandi bigatuma gutanga ingufu neza bidashoboka mu ntera ndende. Aha niho ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza ingufu rihindagurika cyane (HVDC) riba ingenzi, kandi hamwe na ryo, hakenewe icyiciro gishya cya transfoma zihariye.

Iyi ngingo irasuzuma uruhare rw'izi transformateur mu ihererekanya ry'ingufu z'umuyaga mu mazi ndetse n'ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki bizitandukanya n'ibisanzwe.

Igice cya Mbere: Kuki HVDC Ishobora Guhinduka Kugira ngo Ihuhe mu Nyanja Yijimye?

Ikibazo cy'ubushobozi.Iyo ingufu za AC zinyuze mu nsinga zo munsi y'amazi, insinga ubwayo ikora nk'icyuma gipima. Nyuma ya kilometero 70, ingufu zikoreshwa n'insinga ziba nini cyane ku buryo ingufu nke zikora zigera ku nkombe. Ihererekanya rya HVDC rikuraho iki kibazo—amazi adahinduka nta musaruro atera, bigatuma ihererekanya rikora neza mu birometero amagana.

Ibyiza bya DC byoroshye.Bitandukanye na HVDC isanzwe, ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihoraho rya AC, HVDC flexible (cyangwa "HVDC Flex") ikoresha amashanyarazi ashobora kugenzura imbaraga zikora n'izikora ku giti cyazo. Ibi bituma iba nziza mu guhuza amasoko ashobora kuvugururwa nk'umuyaga wo mu nyanja, udafite aho uhurira n'inganda zisanzwe zikora amashanyarazi.

Igice cya Kabiri: Transformers zihariye zirakenewe

Sisitemu za HVDC Flex zisaba ubwoko butandukanye bwa transfoma zihariye, buri imwe ihura n'imbogamizi zidasanzwe.

Transformers z'impinduka.Ibi bihuza umuyoboro wa AC na valves za DC converter. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha mu nyanja nini, bigomba guhangana n'imihangayiko ya AC na DC icyarimwe—ikibazo gisaba ingufu zikomeye kuri sisitemu zo gushyushya. Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi kirimo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro; imishinga iherutse kugera kuri ± 500 kV, isaba transformers zishobora kwihanganira amashanyarazi ya AC na DC.

Transformers zo mu nyanja.Izi mashini zishyirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, zigomba kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye: kwangirika kw'umunyu, ubushuhe bwinshi, kunyeganyega kw'imiraba y'amazi, n'ahantu hafunganye. Gupima umunyu ku byuma bihindura ikirere mu mazi akenshi bifata amasaha 1.440 - inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu z'igihe cy'ibikoresho bisanzwe.

Amategeko agenga igishushanyo mbonera cyoroheje.Buri toni y'uburemere ku rubuga rwo mu nyanja yongera ikiguzi gikomeye ku rufatiro n'ubwato bwo gushyiraho. Injeniyeri zikora ibishushanyo mbonera bito kandi byoroheje ariko ntibigire ingaruka ku bwizewe. Udushya duherutse kuvugururwa turimo sisitemu zo gukonjesha zinoze n'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukingira bigabanya ingano ya transformer mu gihe bikomeza gukora neza.

Igice cya Gatatu: Imbogamizi za Tekiniki

Guhuza ibikorwa byo gukingira ubwishingizi.Guhuza voltage za AC na DC muri transformers zihindura amashanyarazi bituma habaho amashanyarazi akwirakwira cyane. Ingufu z'umwanya zishobora kwirundanya mu bikoresho bikingira umuriro munsi y'imbaraga za DC, bishobora gutuma habaho gusohora igice cy'amashanyarazi no kwangirika. Uburyo bugezweho bwo gusesengura ibintu bukoresha finite element bufasha injeniyeri gushushanya sisitemu zo gukingira umuriro zicunga izi ngaruka.

Ubushobozi bwo gukomera mu buryo bwa mekanike.Transformateur zo mu mazi zigomba kwihanganira gutwara abantu mu mazi, gushyirwa mu bihe bibi, no mu myaka myinshi y’impinduka zihoraho. Imiterere y’ibigega by’amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gufunga bunoze, no guhitamo neza ibice byabyo bitanga ubuziranenge mu buzima bwose bw’ibikoresho.

Gukonjesha mu mwanya ufunze.Platifomu zo mu mazi zitanga umwanya muto wo gukonjesha ibikoresho. Abashushanya ibikoresho batunganya imikorere y'ubushyuhe binyuze mu buryo bugezweho bwo gushushanya imiterere y'amazi, bakareba ko transformateur zishobora gukora ku rugero rwuzuye ndetse no mu bidukikije bishyushye kandi bifunze.

Igice cya Kane: Umushinga w'Intambwe Ikomeye

Umushinga w’umuyaga uturuka ku kirwa cya Guangdong Yangjiang Sanshan ugaragaza iterambere rikomeye muri uru rwego. Uherereye mu birometero birenga 100 uvuye ku nkombe z’Ubushinwa, uyu mushinga uzatanga ingufu zihagije zigera kuri MW 2.000 ku gace ka Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay, ugafasha imiryango igera kuri miliyoni 2.4.

Ishingiro ryayo hari transformateur za DC zoroshye za ± 500 kV—ibice binini buri kimwe gipima toni 380, kimwe n’imodoka 200 zitwara abagenzi. Izi transformateur zongereye ingufu kuva kuri 66 kV zikagera kuri 500 kV AC mbere yo guhinduka DC kugira ngo yoherezwe mu buryo bwo kohereza. Uyu mushinga wasabye ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu myaka irenga icumi, ukemura ibibazo byo kurwanya umunyu, igishushanyo mbonera cy’imitingito, no kunoza ikirere.

Igice cya Gatanu: Amabwiriza y'ejo hazaza

Uko umuyaga wo mu nyanja ugenda wiyongera mu mazi menshi cyane, urugero rw'amashanyarazi rukomeza kwiyongera. Gahunda z'inganda zigaragaza ko amashanyarazi ya 525 kV ndetse n'amashanyarazi ya DC ari menshi kurushaho, zisaba transformers zifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Ibikorwa byo gushyiraho ubuziranenge nabyo birimo gutera imbere. Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga nka IEC 60076-16 yibanda ku by’umwihariko ku mashini zihindura ikirere zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y’umuyaga, atanga ubuyobozi ku igeragezwa n’ibisabwa mu mikorere y’ibikoresho byo mu mazi.

Umwanzuro

Transformateur zihariye za HVDC Flex zituma umuyaga wo mu mazi menshi ugera mu mazi maremare aho AC inanirwa. Ukoresheje ingufu zidasanzwe z'amashanyarazi n'ibidukikije bikomeye, izi mashini zigaragaza imbaraga zigezweho mu buhanga bwa transformateur.

Ku bahanga mu by’amasoko, gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo byihariye by’ikoreshwa rya HVDC mu mazi bifasha mu kugena ibikoresho bikwiye no gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abatanga serivisi. Uko ingufu zisubiramo zikomeza kwaguka ku isi yose, izi transformateur zihariye zizakomeza kuba ingenzi mu bikorwa remezo by’ingufu zisukuye.