Amaraso y'ubuzima bw'abahindura ibintu: Kuva kuri peteroli y'ubutare kugeza kuri ester karemano

Intangiriro

Amavuta ya transformer akunze kwitwa "amaraso" ya transformer. Arinda ubushyuhe, akonjesha, akarinda, ndetse akanasuzuma. Mu gihe kirenga ikinyejana, amavuta y'ubutare akomoka kuri peteroli yabaye amahitamo asanzwe. Ariko impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku bidukikije n'ibisabwa mu kwirinda inkongi byatumye habaho andi mavuta—cyane cyane amavuta ya ester karemano akomoka ku bimera.

Iyi nkuru ikurikirana iterambere ry'amazi akingira transformer kandi igasobanura icyo aya tandukaniro risobanura ku bahanga mu by'amasoko.

Igice cya Mbere: Inshingano nyinshi z'amavuta ya Transformer

Ubwishingizi bw'umuriro.Inshingano y'ingenzi ni ugutanga uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi hagati y'ibice bizima. Ingufu zayo nyinshi za dielectric zirinda imiyoboro migufi no kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi.

Gukonjesha.Amavuta anyura mu miyoboro no mu gice cy'imbere cy'umuyoboro, agatwara ubushyuhe ku byuma bishyushya aho bikwirakwira mu kirere.

Kuzimya umugozi.Iyo habayeho ikosa ry'imbere, amavuta afasha kuzimya umuvuduko uvamo, akarinda ko utubazo duto dukomeza kwiyongera.

Uburinzi.Amavuta atera uruzitiro hagati y’ibice by’icyuma na ogisijeni, bikarinda ingese.

Gusuzuma indwara.Amavuta akora nk'umuyoboro w'amakuru. Isesengura rya gazi yashongeshejwe ripima imyuka ikorwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakosa, ritanga umuburo hakiri kare w'ibibazo bivuka.

Igice cya Kabiri: Amavuta y'ubutare—Ihame rya kera cyane

Amavuta y’ubutare, atunganyijwe aturutse kuri peteroli, atanga ibyiza bitatu by’ingenzi: kuboneka ku isi yose, ku giciro gito, no gukomera kw’amashanyarazi.

Ariko, ifite imbogamizi. Aho inkongi yayo iri ni hato cyane—hafi ya 145°C kugeza 160°C—bigatera ibyago byo gutwika mu duce dutuwemo n’abaturage. Irangirika buhoro buhoro, akenshi ikaba ari 30% gusa, bivuze ko kumena bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije igihe kirekire. Kandi nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ntabwo ishobora kongera kuvugururwa.

Igice cya Gatatu: Esters karemano—Ubundi buryo bw'icyatsi kibisi

Bikomoka kuri soya, imbuto za rapese, n'andi mavuta y'ibimera, esters karemano zagaragaye nk'ubundi buryo bugezweho.

Umutekano w'inkongi.Ubushyuhe burenze 300°C—bikubye kabiri ubunini bw'amavuta y'ubutare—bituma aba meza cyane mu gushyira mu mijyi no mu nzu.

Guhuza ibidukikije.Biroroha kubora byoroshye, bikagera ku gipimo cya 97 ku ijana cyangwa kirenga mu byumweru bike.

Igihe kirekire cyo kwirinda ubushyuhe.Impapuro zishyirwa muri ester karemano zishobora kumara igihe kirekire inshuro 2.5 kugeza kuri 5 ugereranyije n'amavuta ya mineral mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bumwe. Ester karemano zifata amazi arenze urugero yashoboraga kwangiza impapuro maze zigakora imikoranire yo kurinda hamwe na molekile za cellulose.

Ubushakashatsi bwemeza izi nyungu. Ku bushyuhe bwa 100°C mu gihe kirekire, ester karemano yagumanye ingufu nyinshi zo kwangirika kurusha amavuta ya mineral mu gihe igaragaza imbaraga zo gukurura no kwihanganira guhindagurika gukomeye.

Igice cya Kane: Uretse Esters karemano—Esters zikoze mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga riza kuzamuka

Ku turere dukonje cyane no mu byiciro by'amashanyarazi menshi, esters za sintetike zitanga ubushobozi bwo gupima oxidation no gukora neza mu bushyuhe buke mu gihe zigumana inyungu ku bidukikije.

Imiterere mishya irimo nanotechnology. Uduce duto twa titanium dioxide nanoparticles dushobora kugabanya isuka kuva kuri -5°C kugeza kuri -32°C, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Uduce duto twa hexagonal boron nitride twongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe kugeza kuri 40%. Uduce duto twa fer-combine dutuma ingufu zo gucika ku kigero cya 32%. Izi mpinduka zerekeza ku hazaza aho esters zihura cyangwa zirenze peteroli ya minerale muri buri cyiciro cy'imikorere.

Igice cya Gatanu: Ibitekerezo ku mahitamo ku baguzi

Ibidukikije byo Gukoresha.Ku hantu ho mu nzu, mu mijyi, cyangwa ahantu habangamiwe n’ibidukikije, esters karemano zigaragaza ko ari nziza binyuze mu kwirinda inkongi no kugabanya inshingano.

Ikirere.Esters karemano zifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha amavuta y'ubutare, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bukonje mu bihe bikonje. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kongeramo ibintu riri kugabanya iki cyuho.

Agaciro k'Ikiguzi ugereranyije n'igihe cy'ubuzima.Esters karemano zirahenda cyane mu ntangiriro, ariko igihe kirekire cyo gukingira gishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ngenderwaho.IEC 60296 ikubiyemo amavuta y'ubutare; IEC 62770 ikubiyemo esters karemano. Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura ko ibinyobwa byujuje ibisabwa.

Umwanzuro

Amavuta ya Transformer yavuye ku bicuruzwa byoroshye bya peteroli ihinduka amazi meza yakozwe mu buryo bugezweho. Amavuta karemano ubu atanga umutekano w'inkongi, ibidukikije bihuye neza, kandi amara igihe kirekire adashobora gushyushya amavuta y'ubutare. Amavuta ya synthetic atuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza. Ku bahanga mu by'amasoko, gusobanukirwa aya mahitamo ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu afate ibyemezo bifatika.