Gukomeza Gukonjesha: Uburyo Sisitemu zo Gukonjesha za Transformer zongera igihe cy'ubuzima bw'umutungo

Intangiriro

Igihe cy'ubuzima bwa transformer giterwa ahanini n'ubushyuhe bwayo. Kuri buri dogere selisiyusi 6 kugeza kuri 8 zirenga ubushyuhe busanzwe, igihe cyo gushyushya gishyirwamo umwuka kigabanukamo kabiri. Iyi sano y'ibanze ituma sisitemu zo gukonjesha zitaba ibikoresho by'inyongera gusa, ahubwo zigatuma imitungo iramba kandi ikizewe.

Gukonjesha transformer byahindutse kuva ku miterere yoroshye idafite aho ihuriye n’ibikoresho kugeza kuri sisitemu zihambaye zishobora gukuraho megawati z’ubushyuhe. Gusobanukirwa izi koranabuhanga bifasha abashinzwe gutanga amasoko kugena ibikoresho bikwiye no gusuzuma imikorere y’igihe kirekire.

Igice cya Mbere: Iby'ibanze—Uburyo Ubushyuhe Buva mu Ihinduramatwara

Ubushyuhe muri transformateur buturuka ku bintu bibiri: igihombo kidatwara umutwaro (magnetization y'ibanze) n'igihombo cy'umutwaro (ubudahangarwa n'umuyaga). Ubu bushyuhe bugomba kwimurirwa mu byiciro byinshi mbere yo kugera ku mwuka ukikije.

Muri Transformer ikoreshwa mu mavutas, inzira ni: imiyoboro ishyushye n'imbere → amavuta akikije → urukuta rw'ikigega cyangwa ubuso bwa radiateri → umwuka uri mu kirere. Imikorere myiza ya buri cyiciro ni yo igena ubushyuhe bwa transformer.

Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bugenwa n'amategeko asanzwe. Inyuguti za mbere zigaragaza uburyo bwo gukonjesha imbere n'imigendere y'amazi (O kuri peteroli), mu gihe inyuguti za kabiri zisobanura uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwo hanze n'uburyo (N kuri karemano, F kuri forced). Urugero, ONAN bivuga peteroli Natural Air Natural—uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiraho.

Igice cya Kabiri: Gukonjesha bisanzwe—ONAN

Gukonjesha kwa ONAN bishingiye gusa ku mikorere karemano: amavuta ashyushye azamuka, amavuta akonjesha, kandi umwuka unyura mu buryo busanzwe hejuru y’ibyuma bitanga urumuri. Nta pompo zihari, nta bafana, kandi nta bice bigenda.

Ubu buryo bworoshye butanga ibyiza bitandukanye: gukoresha bucece, kudakoresha neza cyane, no kwizerwa cyane. ONAN ikoreshwa cyane ku byuma bihindura ikirere kugeza kuri MVA 30 mu kirere kiringaniye. Mu bidukikije bikonje, ishobora gutanga ubushobozi bunini neza.

Imbogamizi ni ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Hatabayeho gutemba cyane, gukonjesha biterwa rwose n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe n'ubuso bw'ubutaka. Ku bushobozi bwo hejuru, ingamba z'inyongera ziba ngombwa

Igice cya Gatatu: Kongeramo abafana—ONAF

ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) yongera amashyuza kuri radiators, yongera cyane uburyo ubushyuhe butangwa. Umwuka usunikwa cyangwa ukururwa ahantu hakonjesha, bigatuma ukwirakwira ku kigero cya 150 kugeza kuri 200% ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukwirakwiza umwuka.

Ibi bituma transformateur imwe ishobora guhangana n’imizigo myinshi—ubusanzwe ubushobozi bwayo bwiyongeraho hagati ya 20 na 40 ku ijana. ONAF ikunze gukoreshwa kuri transformateur ziri hagati ya 30 na 100 MVA, aho itanga uburinganire bwiza bw’ikiguzi n’imikorere.

Amashanyarazi ashobora gushyirwa ku rubyiniro bitewe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa umutwaro, agakoreshwa gusa igihe bikenewe. Uku kwihuza n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka bituma ONAF ikundwa cyane n'izindi porogaramu zifite ibyo zikenera mu bihe bitandukanye.

Igice cya Kane: Gutembera kwa peteroli ku ngufu—OFAF na ODAF

Ku mamashini manini cyane ya transfoma, urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta karemano ntiruhagije. OFAF (Oil Forced Air Forced) ishyiraho ipompo zikwirakwiza amavuta mu buryo bukonjesha. Ibi byihutisha ihererekanya ry'ubushyuhe kuva ku byuma bizunguruka bijya kuri radiator, bigatuma ingufu nyinshi ziyongera.

ODAF (Oil Directed Air Forced) ikomeza ibi iyobora urujya n'uruza rwa peteroli mu miyoboro yihariye izunguruka, igenzura ko n'ahantu hashyushye cyane heza ho gukonjesha bihagije. Izi sisitemu ni izisanzwe ku mashini zihindura umwuka zirengeje MVA 100 no ku bidukikije bisaba imbaraga nyinshi nko mu kirere gishyushye cyangwa mu nganda nyinshi.

Impinduka ni ingenzi: pompe na fans bikoresha ingufu, bigatera urusaku, kandi bigasaba kwitabwaho buri gihe. Transformateur za OFAF nazo zihenda cyane mu ntangiriro. Ariko, ku bikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, nta bundi buryo bufatika buhari.

Igice cya Gatanu: Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukonjesha

Gukonjesha Amazi.Imashini zimwe na zimwe nini cyane zihindura amashanyarazi cyangwa ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi bikoresha sisitemu za OFWF (Amavuta yakoreshejwe mu gushyushya amazi). Ubushobozi buhanitse bw'ubushyuhe bw'amazi butuma habaho gukonjesha guke, ariko ibyago byo gusohoka bisaba gufunga no kugenzura umuvuduko by'amazi mu buryo budasanzwe.

Transformateur yo mu bwoko bwumyes.Ku bijyanye no gushyiramo ibikoresho byo mu nzu, transformateur z’ubwoko bwumye zikoresha umwuka utembera binyuze mu miyoboro ya epoxy-encapsulated. Imiterere yazo iva kuri AN (Air Natural) kugeza kuri AF (Air Forced) hamwe n’abafana. Nubwo bikuraho ibyago byo gutwika peteroli, gukonjesha kw’ubwoko bwumye ntabwo bikora neza nko kwibiza mu mazi.

Ikoranabuhanga Rigezweho.Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bugamije gukonjesha hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa evaporative, aho ibikoresho bihindura imiterere y’imashini bikurura ubushyuhe binyuze mu gushyuha, bigatuma habaho uburyo budasanzwe bwo kohereza ubushyuhe. Imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe ihindura imiterere y’imashini irimo kwigwa ku byuma byumye, bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe no kunoza imiterere y’imashini.

Igice cya Gatandatu: Kunoza Imiterere y'Ibishushanyo n'Ingendo z'Ejo Hazaza

Imiterere igezweho yo gukonjesha igenda irushaho kwishingikiriza ku mikorere y’amazi yo kubara (CFD) kugira ngo yorohereze uburyo radiator ishyirwamo, intera hagati y’amababa, n’inzira z’umwuka zinyuramo. Ndetse n’impinduka nto mu mikorere zituma habaho kuzigama ingufu nyinshi mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ikoreshwa.

Abashakashatsi barimo kandi gusesengura sisitemu zivanze zikora mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’imiterere—ONAN mu gihe cy’umutwaro muto, ONAF mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi—bahuza imikorere myiza n’ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha.

Ku bahanga mu by'amasoko, gusobanukirwa aya mahitamo bituma habaho ibisobanuro birambuye. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho birimo ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo mu kirere, imiterere isanzwe y'umutwaro, imbogamizi z'urusaku, n'ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga. Sisitemu ikwiye yo gukonjesha ntabwo irinda transformateur gusa—ituma inyungu ku ishoramari ryayo irushaho kwiyongera mu buzima bwayo bwose.

Umwanzuro

Sisitemu zo gukonjesha za transformer zavuye kuri radiateri zoroshye zijya ku mvange ihambaye y’ipompo, abafana, n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura. Guhitamo hagati ya ONAN, ONAF, OFAF, cyangwa imiterere yihariye biterwa n’ubushobozi, ibidukikije, n’ibisabwa mu mikorere.

Igihoraho ni ihame ry'ibanze: gukonjesha neza byongera ubuzima bwa transformer. Buri dogere ni ingenzi, kandi sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni cyo gikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gucunga izo dogere. Ku bashora imari muri transformer, gusobanukirwa gukonjesha si amahitamo—ni ingenzi.