Icyuho cy'ingenzi cyo gukingira amashanyarazi cya 220kV Transformer Inter-Coil: Isesengura ry'amashanyarazi n'ingamba zo kunoza

Intangiriro

Mu rwego rwo kohereza ingufu zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, transfoma za 220kV zigira uruhare runini mu gutuma ingufu zikwirakwizwa neza. icyuho cy'ingenzi cyo gukingirahagati y’imirongo ya transformer ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi mu gushushanya, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kwizerwa kwa transformer, kuramba kwayo, no gukora kwayo. Nk’abayobozi ku isoko mu ikoranabuhanga rya transformer, twemera ko igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cyo gukingira ni ingenzi cyane mu guhangana n’imihangayiko ikabije y’amashanyarazi, harimo voltage zihoraho zo gukora, imyotsi y'inkuba, na kwiyongera kw'ihindagurika.

Iyi nkuru irasuzuma uburyo bugezweho bwo gusesengura ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ingamba zifatika zo kunoza icyuho cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi za 220kV. Dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwigana n'amahame mashya yo gushushanya, dushobora kunoza cyane imikorere y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, tugaha agaciro imikorere myiza mu bidukikije bigoye cyane.

Ibintu by'ibanze byo gukingira amashanyarazi muri Transformers za 220kV

Icyuho cy’ingenzi cyo gukingira hagati y’ingufu zo mu mashini zihindura amashanyarazi za 220kV ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi gikingira amashanyarazi, kikarinda kwangirika kw’amashanyarazi hagati y’ingufu zikomeye n’iziciriritse. Ubu buryo bwo gukingira amashanyarazi bugomba kwihanganira imikorere isanzwe ndetse no guhangana n’ibintu bitandukanye. ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi arenze urugerobibaho mu gihe cy'ihungabana ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

Mu gukoresha 220kV, icyuho cy'ubushyuhe gikunze gukoresha sisitemu y'inzitizi nyinshiigizwe na silindiri cyangwa udupira tw'icyuma tugabanya icyuho mu miyoboro mike y'amavuta. Ubu buryo burushaho kunoza cyane voltage y'igice cy'isohoka ry'ibinyabiziga(PDIV) kandi ikarinda ishyirwaho ry’ibiraro by’imyanda biyobora amashanyarazi hagati y’imirongo. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibanze gikurikiza ihame rya "umuyoboro muto w’impapuro, icyuho gito cy’amavuta", aho imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ikunze kuba ifite ubugari bwa mm 2, kandi icyuho cy’amavuta hagati y’imirongo kiri hagati ya mm 6-10.

Ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi muri ibyo byuho ntabwo ringana, hamwe guhangayika cyanebibera ku nkengero z’impande, aho icyuma gikonjesha gikorera, n’aho ibyuma bikonjesha. Hatabayeho gutunganya neza imiterere y’icyuma, utu duce duto dushobora gutangiza ibikorwa byo gusohora igice cy’amazi, bigatera kwangirika gukomeye kw’ibikoresho byo konjesha no kwangirika.

Ubuhanga bwo gusesengura amashanyarazi

Uburyo bwo Gusimbuza Ibintu Birangiye (FEM)

Igishushanyo mbonera cya none cyo gukingira ubushyuhe gishingiye cyane ku isesengura ry'ibintu bifite aho bigarukira(FEA) kugira ngo hamenyekane neza imiterere y'amashanyarazi. Mu kugabanya imiterere y'ubushyuhe mu bice ibihumbi by'ibintu bitandukanye, FEM ishobora kubara gukwirakwiza bishobokana imbaraga z'umurimamu buryo butangaje. Kuri transfoma za 220kV, ubu buryo busanzwe bwibanda ku turere dutatu tw'ingenzi: ubwirinzi bwo hejuru, igice cyo hagati kiri hagati y'imizunguruko, na ubushyuhe bwo hasi.

Imiterere yacu igaragaza ko imbaraga z'amashanyarazi nyinshi cyane muri transfoma za 220kV zikunze kubaho kuri inguni z'imbere z'ubusoby’imizunguruko ifite ingufu nyinshi, cyane cyane hafi y’ibice by’umusozo w’umurongo. Mu gihe cy’ibizamini by’imirasire y’inkuba (1050kV kuri sisitemu za 220kV), utu duce dushobora kugira imbaraga zirenga 8-9kV/mm, tukegera imipaka y’ibikoresho byo gukingira.

Kumenya ahantu hakomeye hatuma umuntu agira stress

Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ry’amashanyarazi, twabonye ahantu hanini hakomeye hakenewe kwitabwaho by’umwihariko muri transfoma za 220kV:

• Uduce tw'inkombe zizunguruka: Inguni zisongoye ku mpera zizunguruka zituma habaho ingano nini y'umurima, bigasaba ubuhanga bwihariye bwo gupima.
• Uburyo bwo guhuza insulation ikomeye n'amazi: Imiterere itandukanye ya dielectric ya pressboard na peteroli ituma imbaraga za field intensity ku miyoboro yabyo.
• Ahantu ho gusohokera hagenewe inzira: Aho intera inyura aho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifite ingufu nyinshi isohoka mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi igaragaza uburyo imiterere y'ubutaka igoye cyane isaba isesengura ry'ibice bitatu.

Ku bahinduramajwi ba 220kV, imbaraga ntarengwa z'amashanyarazi zikunze kugaragara muri disiki nke za mbere hafi y'inkombe y'umurongo no ku mpande zihurira hagati ya disiki zivanze n'izisanzwe mu gihe cy'ingufu. Utu duce dukeneye ingamba zo gukingira kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho gucika intege imburagihe.

Ingamba zo kunoza icyuho cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gufunga insulation

Guteza imbere imiterere y'ijiyometri

Uburyo bwo gutunganya electrodeigaragaza imwe mu ngamba nziza cyane zo kunoza ikwirakwizwa ry'ibihingwa. Gusimbuza impande zisongoye n'izindi imiterere y'inyuguti igoramyeno gushyira mu bikorwa electrode za toroidal, dushobora kugabanya imbaraga ntarengwa zo mu kibuga kugeza kuri 30-40%. Kuri transfoma za 220kV, ibi birimo:

• Impeta zo ku mpera zidahindagurika(SER) ku miyoboro izunguruka kugira ngo habeho imiyoboro ishoboka yoroshye.
• Impeta z'ingunihamwe n'imiterere ijyanye n'imirongo y'ibikoresho, bigabanya cyane imihangayiko ya tangential ku buso bw'ikibaho.
• Ibice by'umuvudukoku mbuga z'ingenzi kugira ngo hagenzurwe itandukaniro ry'aho ibintu biherereye no kugabanya ubucucike.

Uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere y'umurongo w'impande ni ingenzi cyane - kongera imiterere y'impande z'impande z'impande n'impande zidahinduka bishobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga z'umurongo w'impande (imbaraga z'umurongo w'impande ∝ 1/umurongo w'impande).

Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukingira

Guhitamo ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu kongera imikorere y’ubushyuhe. Transformateur zacu za 220kV zikoresha:

• Ikibaho cyo gukanda gifite ubucucike bwinshihamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibipimo byayongereye hamwe n'imbaraga nyinshi za dielectric.
• Impapuro zavuguruwe mu buryo bushyuhabitanga ubushyuhe buhanitse, bikomeza imiterere ya dielectric ku bushyuhe buri hejuru.
• Ibikoresho byongerewemo nanocompositeaho uduce duto (SiO₂, Al₂O₃) twongewe muri epoxy cyangwa amavuta twongera imbaraga za dielectric ku kigero cya 20-30% mu gihe twongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe.

Ibi bikoresho bigezweho bitanga imiterere mito yo gukingira mu byuma mu gihe bikomeza cyangwa bikongera ubushobozi bwo kwizerwa. Urugero, gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zo gukingira mu byuma bito bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukingira mu byuma ku kigero cya 20-30% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe.

Imiterere ya sisitemu yo gukingira

Gutunganya neza imiterere y’ibikoresho byo gukingira bitanga umusaruro ugaragara:

• Sisitemu zo gukingira zipimaaho ubugari bw'ubushyuhe buhinduka bitewe n'uburyo ingufu zikwirakwira mu kirere.
• Gutunganya ishyirwa ry'inzitizihakoreshejwe isesengura rya FEM kugira ngo hamenyekane aho ibyuma bikandagira bishyirwa neza bigabanya icyuho kinini cy’amavuta.
• Ingano y'imiyoboro y'amavutabihuza ibikenewe mu by'amashanyarazi (icyuho gito kugira ngo PDIV ibe nyinshi) n'ibikenewe mu gukonjesha (umuvuduko uhagije w'amavuta).

Ku byuma bihindura amashanyarazi bya 220kV, twabonye ko tekiniki zo kuzunguruka zivanzehamwe n’ijanisha riri hejuru ya 65-70% birushaho kunoza cyane ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi ya impulse, bigabanya imihangayiko kuri disiki nke za mbere kugeza kuri 50% ugereranije n’imiterere isanzwe.

Inyigo y'Urugero: Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryagenze neza muri Transformer ya 220kV

Umushinga wacu uherutse gukoresha transformateur ifite impedance ya 220kV ugaragaza akamaro k'izi ngamba zo kunoza. Igishushanyo cya mbere cyagaragaje ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zirenze urugero (kugeza kuri 9.5kV/mm) zishyirwa mu cyuho cy'ingenzi kiri hagati y'ingufu zikoresha voltage nyinshi n'izikoresha voltage nkeya, cyane cyane hafi y'inkombe zikoresha umuyaga.

Binyuze mu isesengura rya FEM risubiramo hakoreshejwe porogaramu zihariye (HSSSM), twashyize mu bikorwa gahunda yuzuye yo kunoza:

1. Impeta y'amashanyarazi yavuguruwehamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kugorora no gushyira ahantu.
2. Impeta z'inguni z'inyongeraku mpera z'izunguruka kugira ngo ugabanye ingano y'amavuta kandi wongere imbaraga zo gukurura.
3. Imiterere y'imbogamizi yahinduwegukora icyuho gito kandi gihuye cy’amavuta (mm 6-8) aho kuba icyuho kinini cy’umwimerere (mm 12-15).

Ibisubizo byari bitangaje: imbaraga ntarengwa zo mu murima zagabanutse kugera kuri 6.2kV/mm (zazamutseho 35%), hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza neza mu murima mu buryo bumwe mu buryo bwo gushyushya. Transformateur yahinduwe yatsinze neza ibizamini byose bisanzwe n’ubwoko, harimo n’ibizamini byo kwihanganira ingufu (voltage) (460kV mu gihe cy’umunota 1) n’ibizamini bya lightning impulse (1050kV), aho urwego rw’ibisohoka mu murima ruhoraho ruri munsi ya 10pC.

Ibitekerezo ku nganda n'ubuziranenge

Ndetse n'igishushanyo mbonera gihanitse cyane ntikigira icyo kigeraho iyo hatabayeho kugenzura neza uko ibintu bikorwa. Gahunda yacu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira transformer bya 220kV ikubiyemo:

• Igenzura ry'imikoreshereze y'ibarurishamibaremu gihe cyo gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukanda no guteranya ibice.
• Kumisha imashini ikoresha umwuka no gutera amavutainzira zituma ubushuhe n'imyuka bishobora gutangirira ku gusohora igice cy'amazi.
• Ikarita yo gusohora igice cy'ibicuruzwamu gihe cy'ibizamini by'ingufu kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hakosorwe inenge iyo ari yo yose mu gukora.

Ku transfoma za 220kV, dushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye y’isuku mu gihe cyo guteranya no gushyira mu matomatike, kuko n’ibintu bihumanya ikirere bishobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukingira mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi menshi.

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukingira ibyuma

Iterambere ry’ubwirinzi bw’ibikoresho bya transformer rikomeje hamwe n’iterambere rishimishije:

• Ikoranabuhanga ry'impanga mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhangagukora kopi zifatika za sisitemu zo gukingira ikirere kugira ngo zigenzure imikorere yazo mu gihe nyacyo no kuzibungabunga mbere y'igihe.
• Gukurikirana imiterere y'ubuzima mu buryo buhanitsehakoreshejwe sensor za fiber optique zishyirwamo kugira ngo zikurikirane ibikorwa byo gusohora igice cy'amashanyarazi n'ahantu hashyuha cyane mu gihe cyose transformer ikora.
• Ibikoresho byo gukingira ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikijenka esters karemano zitanga ahantu ho gutwika ho hejuru no kunoza ibidukikije mu gihe zikomeza imikorere ya dielectric.

Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa rya 220kV, twishimiye cyane porogaramu zo kwigisha imashinimu kunoza imiterere y’ibikoresho byo gukingira, aho uburyo bwo gupima vuba impinduka nyinshi mu miterere kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere myiza ihuza amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe n’ubukungu.

Umwanzuro

Gutunganya icyuho cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi za transformer za 220kV zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hagati y’amakoyili bigaragaza ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuhanga gisaba ubumenyi bwimbitse mu bijyanye n’imitekerereze ya dielectric, ubushobozi bwo kwigana ibintu buhanitse, n’ubuhanga mu gukora ibintu mu buryo bufatika. Binyuze mu isesengura ry’amashanyarazi rirambuye n’ingamba zo kunoza imikorere, dushobora kongera uburyo transformer ikora neza kandi iramba.

Uburyo bwacu bugaragaza ko igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubushyuhe mu buryo bw’inyubako kitanoza imikorere ya dielectric gusa, ahubwo kinatuma transformers ziciriritse kandi zihendutse. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ubu buryo bugezweho, dutanga transformers zirenze amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda mu gihe duha abakiriya bacu icyizere cyo gukora neza ndetse n’inyungu zose ku giciro cy’umutungo.

Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, dukomeje kwiyemeza guhuza iterambere rigezweho mu gushushanya ibikoresho byo gukingira, kugira ngo abakiriya bacu bungukire ku bisubizo byizewe kandi byiza bya transformer biboneka ku isoko.

Vugana n'itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga uyu munsikugira ngo tuganire ku buryo ubuhanga bwacu bwihariye mu gushushanya insulation bushobora kongera imikorere n'ubwizerwe bw'imishinga yawe ya transformer ya 220kV.