Transformateur yo mu bwoko bwa 1E yumye yo mu nganda z'ingufu za kirimbuzi

1. Transformer yo mu bwoko bwa Class 1E yumye ni iki?

Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cy'ingenzi cya "Icyiciro cya 1E".

Icyiciro cya 1E: Iki ni icyiciro cy’umutekano gikomoka ku mahame ngenderwaho y’imashini zikora ingufu za kirimbuzi (urugero, IEEE Std 323 muri Amerika cyangwa GB/T 12727 mu Bushinwa). Bivuga ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gukora imirimo y’ingenzi y’umutekano, nko kuzimya byihutirwa icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi, gutandukanya ibikoresho, gukonjesha igice cy’icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi, no gukumira irekurwa ry’ibikoresho bikoresha imirasire.

Transformateur y'ubwoko bwumye: Transformateur ifite imizunguruko idashyirwa mu mavuta akingira ariko irinzwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye bikingira (urugero, epoxy resin).

Bityo rero, Transformateur yo mu bwoko bwa 1E yumye isobanurwa nka: Transformateur yo mu bwoko bwumye yagenewe gutanga ingufu ku buryo bw’umutekano (1E) bw’uruganda rw’ingufu za kirimbuzi. Igomba kuba ishobora gukora neza kandi mu buryo buhoraho mu bihe bisanzwe, mu bihe by’impanuka (urugero: umutingito, LOCA - Gutakaza Impanuka zo Gukonjesha), n’ahantu habayeho impanuka nyuma y’igihe runaka.

Mu magambo make, ni imwe mu "masoko y'amashanyarazi y'ingenzi" ku buryo bw'umutekano bw'uruganda rw'ingufu za kirimbuzi.

1. Kuki inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi zigomba gukoresha transformers zo mu cyiciro cya 1E?

Umutekano w’inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi ni wo w’ingenzi cyane. Inshingano z’imashini zihindura ingufu zo mu cyiciro cya 1E ni ugutanga ingufu zihamye kandi zizewe ku bikoresho by’ingenzi by’umutekano mu bihe bikomeye cyane, harimo:

Sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza ibintu zijyanye n'umutekano

Igikoresho cyo guhindura amashanyarazi gikoresha mazutu mu buryo bwihutirwa

Sisitemu zo kugenzura no kurinda ibyuma bitanga umwuka

Moteri zo gukoresha pompe za ECCS (Emergency Core Cooling System)

Sisitemu zo kugenzura nyuma y'impanuka

Sisitemu zo guhumeka no kwitandukanya n'abandi

Gutakaza ingufu kuri izi sisitemu bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi cyane. Bityo, transformateur zo mu cyiciro cya 1E ni ingenzi cyane mu ngamba zirambuye zo kurinda uruganda rw'ingufu za kirimbuzi.

1. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi kuri Transformers zo mu bwoko bwa 1E zumutse

Transformateur zo mu cyiciro cya 1E zitandukanye cyane n'imashini zisanzwe zo mu nganda cyangwa iz'ubucuruzi zumye. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi byazo bigaragarira muri ibi bikurikira:

1. Ubwizerwe bwa nyuma n'ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije (Ibikoresho bya K1, K2, K3)

Inganda zikora ingufu za kirimbuzi zishyira ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya 1E mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburemere bw'ibidukikije bigomba kwihanganira. Transformers ziri mu byiciro bihuye nabyo:

Icyiciro cya K1: Gishyizwe mu bubiko. Gigomba kwihanganira imimerere isanzwe, imitingito (OBE/SSE), n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, n'ibidukikije bisukura imiti bikomoka ku mpanuka ya Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), kandi kigomba gukomeza gukora nyuma y'impanuka. Iki ni cyo cyiciro gikomeye cyane.

Icyiciro cya K2: Gishyizwe mu bubiko ariko gikenewe gusa kugira ngo gishobore kwihanganira imiterere isanzwe n'imitingito, hatarimo ibidukikije bya LOCA.

Icyiciro cya K3: Gishyizwe hanze y’aho gifungiye ariko kikaba ari igice cy’uburyo bw’umutekano, gikenewe kugira ngo gishobore kwihanganira imiterere isanzwe n’imitingito.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rijyanye naryo:

Sisitemu yihariye yo gukingira: Ikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, birinda umuriro, birwanya ubushuhe, kandi birwanya imirasire (urugero: resin ya epoxy igezweho). Uburyo bwo gutwika/guteranya ibintu bugezweho (urugero: ikoranabuhanga ryo gukingira ibintu mu buryo bworoshye, Guteranya umuvuduko wa Vacuum) bukoreshwa kugira ngo inyubako ikomeye yo gukingira ibintu itagira imyanda, kandi igice cyayo kiri hasi cyane.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umuriro (Icyiciro cya F1): Ibikoresho byizimya ubwabyo kandi ntibishobora gushya nubwo byaba biri mu muriro ufunguye, bikarinda ko umuriro ukwirakwira.

Imbaraga za Mekanike Zikomeye: Imiterere yose ya transformer (harimo n'imizunguruko, amafuremu, nibindi) igomba kwihanganira Umutingito Udahungabanyijwe n'Umutingito (SSE) nta kwangirika, bigatuma imikorere yayo ikomeza kuba myiza. Ibi bigomba kwemezwa binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ry'ibintu bya Finite Element (FEA) no gupima neza ibijyanye n'imitingito.

2. Igenzura ry’Ubuziranenge n’Impamyabumenyi Ihamye

Gahunda y’Ibibazo bya Kirimbuzi: Iherezo ry’ubuzima bwose—kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera, kugura ibikoresho, gukora, gupima, kugeza ku gutanga—rigomba gukurikiza gahunda yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa kirimbuzi (ubusanzwe ishingiye kuri HAF 003 cyangwa 10 CFR 50 Umugereka B), ugenzura neza inzira zose n’uburyo zikurikiranwa.

Impamyabushobozi n'Impamyabushobozi: Transformateur igomba gutsinda ibizamini by'ubwoko n'ibizamini by'impamyabushobozi bya seismic bikozwe n'ikigo cyemewe n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura umutekano wa kirimbuzi (urugero, NNSA mu Bushinwa) kugira ngo igaragaze ko yujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya 1E. Uru ni "ruhushya" rwayo rwo kwinjira ku isoko.

3. Igishushanyo mbonera n'isuzuma ry'imikorere yihariye

Ubudahangarwa bwo gusaza bw'imirasire: Cyane cyane kuri transformers zo mu cyiciro cya K1, ibikoresho byo gukingira n'ibice by'imiterere bigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo hatabaho kwangirika gukomeye k'imikorere munsi y'ingano y'imirasire iteganijwe mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwabyo.

Ibizamini by’Ingendo n’Ubwoko: Uretse ibizamini bisanzwe (igipimo, ubukana, kubura umutwaro/umutwaro, dielectric, urwego rw’amajwi, nibindi), ibizamini byihariye ni ngombwa, nka:

Gupima igice cy'umuvuduko w'amazi: Ibisabwa ni bikomeye cyane, akenshi bisaba urwego ruri munsi ya 5-10 pC, kugira ngo habeho ubwizigame bw'amashanyarazi mu gihe kirekire.

Ibizamini bya Impulse Voltage (Inkuba n'Impindura).