Uburyo bwo gusesengura amakosa ya Transformer n'uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo

 

Transformers, nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, bikora imirimo y'ingenzi irimo guhindura amashanyarazi, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi, no kwitandukanya n'amashanyarazi. Imikorere yabyo ihamye ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igire umutekano n'imikorere myiza. Ibice bikurikira bitanga isesengura rirambuye ry'imicungire y'imikorere ya transformer, uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya amakosa, n'uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo.

 

 

Uburyo bwo gutegura no kugenzura transformer

 

Mbere yo gukoresha transformateur, hagomba gukorwa igenzura ryimbitse kugira ngo harebwe niba yiteguye gukora neza:

 

Igenzura ry’ibifunga n’ibihuza: Kora isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ibifunga byose biri imbere no hanze ya transformateur, cyane cyane ahantu hakomeye ho guhuza nk’aho insinga zihagarara n’ibifunga by’imodoka. Menya neza ko torque ikoreshwa neza mu gihe cyo gufunga kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw’imigozi, ariko wirinde gufata bitewe n’uko ibikoresho bidahuye neza hagati y’ibifunga n’ibifunga.

 

Igenzura ry’uko ibice byose byashyizwe mu bubiko: Kwemeza uburyo ibikoresho byose byasenyutse mu gihe cyo kubitwara cyangwa kubishyiraho, kugenzura imiyoboro y’imbere ikonjesha kugira ngo urebe niba nta myanda irimo, no kwemeza ko nta bikoresho bisigaye biri mu gikoresho cya transformer bihari.

 

Igenzura ry'Igikoresho cyo Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Genzura ko insinga zo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ibimenyetso zigenzurwa kure y'ubuso bw'uruziga n'ibice bizima. Ongera uzifunge uko bikenewe kugira ngo wirinde kubangamira.

 

Sisitemu yo gukonjeshan'Igenzura ry'Ibikoresho by'Inyongera: Kugenzura imikorere myiza y'abafana bakonjesha, ibikoresho bigenzura ubushyuhe, na sisitemu zibafasha. Emeza by'umwihariko icyerekezo cy'izunguruka ry'abafana kugira ngo urebe neza ko umwuka werekeza hejuru uva ku gice cyo hasi cy'impande za transformer.

 

Ibizamini bya Transformer mbere yo gutangira

 

Kugira ngo harebwe iyubahirizwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho, hagomba gukorwa ibizamini bikurikira mbere yo gukoresha transfoma:

 

Gupima Ubudahangarwa bwa DC: Kora ibipimo byo kudahangarwa kw'ingufu mu myanya yose yo kuvoma kugira ngo urebe ko imiterere y'ibipimo byujuje ibisabwa.

 

Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: Emeza neza ukuri kwaihinduka ry'amashanyaraziibipimo kandi byemeze ko inyito y'amatsinda ya vector ari ukuri binyuze mu kugenzura polarity na phase sequence.

 

Ikizamini cyo Kurwanya Ubushyuhe: Kora ikizamini cya dielectric hagati y’inkingi y’imbere n’inyubako zihambira kugira ngo urebe ko ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe buhamye.

 

Ikizamini cyo Kurwanya Gushyushya Ingufu: Pima uburyo bwo kwirinda gushyushya ingufu kugira ngo urebe ko umutekano w'amashanyarazi wubahirizwa.

 

Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira inshuro z'amashanyarazi: Ku bahinduramajwi basanwe mu murima basubira gukora, ikizamini cyo guhangana n'amashanyarazi kigomba gukorwa kuri 80% by'urugero rw'amashanyarazi y'ikizamini cy'uruganda, hakurikijwe ibisabwa na IEC 60076-3 Ingingo ya 10.

 

Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha transfoma mu mutekano

 

Igenzura rya Sisitemu yo Gutera Ingufu: Gukora igenzura ryimbitse rya sisitemu yo gutera Ingufu nyuma yo kuyishyiraho kugira ngo urebe ko ikora neza kandi yizewe.

 

Inzitizi z'umutekano: Transformateur zidafite uburinzi bw'aho zifungiye zigomba gushyirwaho inzitizi zo kwitandukanya kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibice bizima bikora ku buryo butaziguye kandi bigabanye ibyago byo gushorwa n'amashanyarazi.

 

Imikorere y'abakozi babishoboye: Gushyira, gukoresha no kubungabunga transfoma bigomba gukorwa n'inzobere zemewe gusa kugira ngo harebwe ko amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere n'amabwiriza y'umutekano yubahirizwa.

 

Amabwiriza yo Kwitondera Gushyira Transformateur mu Mirimo

 

Gukoresha Sisitemu yo Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Mbere yo gukoresha ingufu, genzura kandi ugerageze icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cyangwa icyuma kigaragaza ubushyuhe kugira ngo urebe ko gikora neza.

 

Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ingufu: Funga ibyuma bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukoresheje transformateur mu gihe nta muvuduko urimo. Koresha relay y'uburinzi bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uhita usohoka mu gihe cyo gukoresha ingufu kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ujya mu kirere.

 

Kongera umutwaro buhoro buhoro: Nyuma yo gushyirwa mu bikorwa, umutwaro ugomba kongerwa buhoro buhoro no gukurikiranwa kugira ngo hatagira urusaku cyangwa imitingito idasanzwe kugira ngo hirindwe kwiyongera gutunguranye k'umutwaro.

 

Porogaramu yo Kugabanya Ubushuhe: Ku byuma bihindura umwuka bidafite ingufu bihura n'ubushuhe bwo mu kirere >80% bya RH.

 

Amakosa asanzwe ya Transformer n'ibikorwa byo gukosora

 

Ikosa ryo gushyuha cyane: Ibi birimo gushyuha cyane ahantu runaka no kwiyongera cyane k'ubushyuhe muri rusange. Genzura imiterere y'umutwaro, umuriro, n'uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira.

 

Ikosa ryo gusohora: Rishobora kugaragara nk'ibisohoka igice, ibisohoka mu cyuma, cyangwa ibisohoka mu cyuma; akenshi bifitanye isano n'ibibazo byo gukingira.

 

Ikosa ryo gukingira: Nk'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe cyangwa kwangirika k'imikorere y'ubushyuhe; ibikoresho byangiritse byo gukingira bigomba gusuzumwa vuba no gusimburwa.

 

Izindi ngorane: Harimo urusaku rudasanzwe, imikorere mibi yo kurinda, gusohora amavuta, n'ibindi.

 

Uburyo bwo Gutahura Amakosa:

 

Igenzura ry'amaso: Reba niba umuvuduko w'amazi urimo, impinduka z'ibara ry'amavuta, n'isura y'inyuma (urugero: amazi yavuye mu mazi, ihinduka ry'ibara).

 

Gukurikirana amatwi: Kumva amajwi adasanzwe mu gihe cyo gukora (urugero, urusaku rudasa, gucurama, cyangwa gucurama).

 

Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi: Pima ubukana bwa DC bw'ibyiciro bitatu n'ubudahangarwa bwo gushyushya kugira ngo urebe niba agaciro kari mu rugero rusanzwe.

 

 

Gukosora amakosa yo gukingira imiterere y'ibikoresho byo gukingira

 

Kugabanuka k'imikorere y'ubushyuhe ni ikosa rikunze kugaragara ku bahinduramajwi, cyane cyane ahantu hakonje. Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe kigomba gukorwa mu bihe bikwiye, gifite agaciro gakurikira:

 

Gupima ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi kugeza kuri LV no gusya: ≥ 300 M Ω (10kV), ≥ 1000 M Ω (35kV).

Ubushyuhe bugera hasi: ≥100 MΩ.

Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ibanze/ibikoresho byo hasi, reba inyandiko z'uruganda.

 

Iyo transformateur igaragaza ubushuhe cyangwa ubukonje (urugero, ibitonyanga bigaragara ku buso bwa epoxy resin cyangwa ibice by'ingenzi), ni ngombwa ko yumisha ako kanya kugira ngo isubirane ubusugire bw'ubushyuhe, hatitawe ku gaciro kayo ko kwirinda ubushuhe.

 

 

Porogaramu yo Kugabanya Urusaku Rudasanzwe rwa Transformer

 

Imikorere isanzwe ya transformateur izatanga urusaku ruhindagurika bitewe n'umutwaro. Iyo hari urusaku rudasanzwe, hakenewe isesengura ryinshi:

 

Gufunguka kw'imbere: Bitera urusaku rwinshi bitewe n'amajwi adafunze neza cyangwa imbaraga zidahagije zo gufunga.

 

Unrounded core‌: Ikora amajwi asohoka aturutse ku bwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi hagati y'uruhande rw'imbere n'ikigega.

 

Ubusembwa bwo gutandukanya: Bitera gucurama cyangwa gushwanyagurika bitewe n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu guhindura amarido cyangwa aho bashyira amarido.

 

Isohora icyuma gisohora icyuma gishyuha/gifunga: Gisohora imirasire yumvikana iturutse ku gucika kw'ingufu mu bice bifite amashanyarazi menshi.

 

Ibihuru byanduye: Bitera ihungabana ry'ikoroboyi bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'amavuta/uduce tw'ibimera ku buso.

 

Gukemura ibibazo by'imikorere mibi mu kugenzura ubushyuhe

 

Kunanirwa gufunguka: Reba aho umuriro uca, ibyuma bihuza amashanyarazi, aho amashanyarazi ahurira, n'aho switch ihagaze.

 

Nta gipimo cy'ubushyuhe: Reba aho sensor ihurira n'uburyo ikora.

 

Guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe: Reba uko ibyuma bipima n'aho bivangira bishyirwa.

 

Kunanirwa k'itumanaho: Reba umurongo w'itumanaho hanyuma uhamagare ubufasha bwa tekiniki bw'umutanga serivisi.

 

Ibisubizo byo Kugabanya Ingano y'Umuvuduko w'Ingufu mu Bice Bitatu

 

Ubusumbane bw'amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu bukunze guterwa n'ikosa ryo gusimbuka cyangwa ubusumbane bw'umutwaro. Ibisubizo birimo:

 

Gushyira ingufu mu gukwirakwiza umurongo udafite aho ubogamiye: Gushyira ingufu mu gukwirakwiza umurongo udafite aho ubogamiye mu buryo bwinshi mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi make kugira ngo ugabanye igihombo cy’ingufu z’umurongo udafite aho ubogamiye binyuze mu kunoza inzira zigaruka kandi ugabanye impedance.

 

Transformer y'icyiciro kimwe Gukoresha: Koresha transfoma y'icyiciro kimwe mu bice bifite imizigo myinshi y'icyiciro kimwe (urugero, uturere tw'abaturage) kugira ngo utandukanye imigezi idahuje neza kandi wirinde ko habaho kubangamirana hagati y'amashanyarazi.

 

Gukurikirana no kuringaniza imizigo: Gukora ibipimo by'imizigo buri gihe ukoresheje ibyuma bipima imiyoboro kugira ngo umenye itandukaniro ry'umuyoboro hagati y'ibyiciro.

 

Ihinduka ry'amabara y'amavuta n'uburyo bwo kuyavura mu gihe asohoka

 

Kwijima kw'amavuta: Kwijima kw'amavuta (urugero, umuhondo uhinduka umukara/umukara) bigaragaza ko amazi ashira mu kirere no kwangirika kwa ogisijeni, bigatuma imbaraga za dielectric zigabanuka kandi aside nyinshi. Simbuza amavuta yangiritse vuba kugira ngo hirindwe gusaza vuba kw'ibikoresho byo gukingira no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho.

 

Gutakaza amavuta: Kumenya niba uzakomeza gukora no gutegura uburyo bwo kuyasana hashingiwe ku kugabanuka kw'amavuta, cyangwa guhita ufunga wongere kuzuza amavuta.

 

Mu gusoza, Imikorere ihamye ya transfoma ni inkingi ikomeye yo kwizerwa kwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu igenzura ryimbitse, gusuzuma amakosa/gukemura vuba, no kuyabungabunga vuba, igihe cyo kuyakoresha gishobora kongerwa neza, igipimo cyo gutsindwa kikagabanuka, kandi umutekano/imikorere myiza ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikarushaho kuba myiza.