Kumenya ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa kW bwo gutwara umutwaro wa Transformer ya 1000kVA

Uburyo bwo kubara amanota y'umutwaro wa kW wa Transformer ya 1000kVA hashingiwe ku ngufu

 

 

Ese transformateur ishaje ya 1000kVA ikora umutwaro wa 200kW, iyi transformateur ishobora kwakira ukwiyongera k'ubusabe niba duteganya kongeramo umutwaro mushya wa 600kW? Iki kibazo kireba ahanini igitekerezo cy'ibanze: isano n'itandukaniro riri hagati ya kVA na kW.

 

 

Isano n'itandukaniro riri hagati ya kVA na kW

 

 

kVA (kilovolt-ampere) ni igice cy'ingufu zigaragara, mu gihe kW (kilowatt) ihagarariye igice cy'ingufu zigaragara. Uretse imbaraga zigaragara n'ingufu zigaragara, hari n'ingufu zigaragara, zipimirwa muri kvar (kilovar).

 

 

 

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imbaraga zikora, imbaraga zikora, n'imbaraga zigaragara?

 

 

Imbaraga zikora: Zipimwe muri watts (W), zigaragaza ingufu nyazo zikoreshwa cyangwa akazi k'ingirakamaro gakorwa n'uruziga (urugero, gushyushya, amatara).

 

 

 

Imbaraga zikora: Ipimwe muri volt-amperes reactive (VAR), ishyigikira imbaraga za rukuruzi mu mitwaro ikora (urugero, moteri) ariko nta kazi gafatika ikora. Urugero, niba igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi kirimo capacitors cyangwa coils, ibi bice bizakomeza gusharija no gusohora mu gihe igikoresho gikora. Kubera ko capacitors/coils zidakoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gusharija/gusohora, ingufu zijyanye nayo zitwa ‌reactive ‌.

 

 

 

Ingufu zigaragara: Zipimwe muri volt-ampere (VA), ni uruvange rw'ingufu zikora n'izikora, zigaragaza ingufu zose muri circuit. Isoko ry'ingufu (ubusanzwe transformer cyangwa generator) ntirigomba gutanga gusa ingufu zikora ahubwo rinatanga ingufu zikora ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Ibi biterwa nuko, nubwo capacitors ziri muri icyo gikoresho zidakoresha ingufu zikora, gusharija no gusohora kwazo bidasaba isoko ry'ingufu gutanga igice cy'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gushyigikira iki gikorwa.

 

 

 

Nyuma yo gusobanura ibi bitekerezo, ubu dushobora gusuzuma isano bifitanye, ibi bikatugeza ku kindi gitekerezo cy'ingenzi: ‌power factor‌. Ingano y'ingufu zigira isoko y'ingufu iterwa neza n'imbaraga.

 

 

 

Iyo amashanyarazi agabanyirijwe igiciro cya $1 kuri kilowati-saa (kWh), transformateur ikora ku gipimo cy'ingufu cya 0.6 ishobora kwinjiza $600/isaha mu nyungu z'ubukungu. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu kigeze kuri 0.9, transformateur imwe ishobora kwinjiza $900/isaha mu nyungu 45. Nubwo inyungu z'imari zo kunoza igipimo cy'ingufu zigaragara, ingaruka zayo za tekiniki (urugero, kunoza uburyo amashanyarazi ahagaze neza no kugabanya igihombo cy'ingufu) zirenze kure izi nyungu zihuse.

 

 

 

Transformer ya 1000kVA ishobora gushyigikira kilowati zingahe (kW)?

 

 

 

 

Dukurikije ubumenyi bw'ibanze bwagaragajwe haruguru, ubu dushobora gusubiza ikibazo cy'ingenzi cy'iyi nkuru mu buryo bwumvikana kandi bunoze.

 

 

 

Ubushobozi bwa transformateur bupimirwa muri ‌kVA (kilovolt-ampere), mu gihe ingufu zikoreshwa n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi zipimirwa muri ‌kW (kilowatts). Itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu kubara ingufu zikora (kW) z'igikoresho bisaba gukuba imbaraga zacyo zigaragara (kVA) ukoresheje ‌power factor (cosφ). Urugero, transformateur ya 1000kVA ishobora gutanga umusaruro wuzuye wa ‌1000kW gusa iyo ikora kuri power factor ya ‌1.0. Ariko, kugera kuri iyi mimerere myiza (PF = 1.0) ni ibintu bidashoboka mu bikorwa nyabyo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mu cyiciro cy’igishushanyo mbonera, niba dushyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kwishyura ingufu kugira ngo tugere ku rugero rwa 0.95, ingufu zikoreshwa na transformateur zigomba kubarwa nka 1000×0.95=950kW. Icyitonderwa: Ibigo by’amashanyarazi bitegeka amashanyarazi (PF) angana na ‌≥0.9‌ kugira ngo birinde ibihano; icyakora, kurenza ‌PF = 1.0‌ bishobora gutuma ingufu za sisitemu zizamuka kandi bigahungabanya uburinganire bw’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi.

 

 

 

Transformateur ya 1000kVA itangira gutanga umutwaro w'amashanyarazi wa 200kW. Nyuma yo kongeramo umutwaro mushya wa 600kW, ingufu zose zikoreshwa zigera kuri ‌800kW‌, ziguma mu mubare ntarengwa w'imikorere y'iyi transformateur.

 

 

 

Bityo rero, transformateur ya 1000kVA itanga 200kW y'amashanyarazi ishobora gukora mu mutekano igihe kirekire ndetse no nyuma yo kongeramo 600kW nshya (800kW yose hamwe), mu gihe ingufu zizaba zaratunganyijwe ku rwego rukenewe.