Transformers zikwirakwiza: Ibice by'ingenzi n'amahame ngenderwaho mu mikorere

Transformateur yo gukwirakwizas ikora nk'ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi igezweho, ikagabanya neza imiyoboro ya transmission ifite voltage nyinshi (ubusanzwe 11-33 kV) ikajya kuri voltage ikoreshwa (120-480 V) ku bakoresha bo mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda.

Ibi bikoresho bya elegitoronike bidahinduka bikora binyuze mu mahame shingiro yo kwinjizwa kwa elegitoronike mu gihe birimo imikorere ihanitse y’ubuhanga kugira ngo byiringire kandi bigire umutekano.

Ese?1. Ubukanishi bw'imikorereEse?
Uburyo bwo guhindura voltage bushingiye ku kwinjizwa kwa electromagnetic hagati y’ingufu z’ibanze n’iz’inyongera. Iyo umuriro usimburana unyura mu zunguruko rw’ibanze rufite voltage nyinshi, bitanga flux ya magnetic ihindagurika mu gice cy’imbere cy’icyuma cya silikoni gifite laminated. Iyi coupling ya magnetic itera voltage ingana mu zunguruko rw’ibanze, igenwa n’igipimo cy’izunguruko (N₁/N₂) nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko rya Faraday ryo Kwinjizwa.

Isano mu mibare ishobora kugaragazwa muri ubu buryo:
V₁/V₂ = N₁/N₂ = k (igipimo cy'ihindukira)
I₁/I₂ = N₂/N₁ (ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe gihinduka igipimo cy'amashanyarazi)

Ese?2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubakoEse?
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rigezweho rifite imiterere myiza:

• Ese?Inteko y'ibanze: Ibyuma bya silikoni bifite ingano zivanze bigabanya igihombo cy'amashanyarazi mu gihe bikomeza gukoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi
• Ese?Sisitemu zo gukonjesha:

• Ubwoko bw'amavuta akoreshwa mu gutwika (busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gushyira hanze) bukoresha amavuta ya transfoma mu gucunga ubushyuhe no gukingira amashanyarazi
• Transformateur yo mu bwoko bwumyes (bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nzu) koresha ubukonje bw'umwuka hamwe n'umutekano wongerewe w'inkongi y'umuriro
  • Ese?Uburyo bwo Kurinda: Utwuma dufata umuvuduko, uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe, n'udupira two kugabanya umuvuduko bitanga umutekano mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi n'ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije.

Ese?3. Ibiranga ImikorereEse?

• Ese?Ingano y'Ingufu: Igera ku musaruro mwiza wa 95-99% mu gihe cy'imizigo myiza binyuze mu kugabanya igihombo cy'ibanze (hysteresis na eddy currents)
• Ese?Amahitamo y'ubushobozi: Iboneka hagati ya 50 kVA na 25.000 kVA, hamwe n'imiterere mito ituma habaho gushyiraho inkingi cyangwa gushyiraho pad-mounted
• Ese?Igenzura ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi: Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya OLTC (On-Load Tap Changer) rituma habaho kugenzura voltage ya ± 10% nta guhagarara kwa serivisi

Ese?4. Udushya mu by'umutekanoEse?
Ibikoresho bya none birimo ibice byinshi byo kurinda:

• Uburinzi bw'umutwaro mwinshi binyuze mu gupima ubushyuhe no gupima ubushyuhe
• Kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ako kanya hakoreshejwe fuse zigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi
• Guhagarika kwiyongera kw'amazi binyuze muri varistors za metal-oxide (MOVs) na windings zirinzwe

Ese?5. Ibisabwa ku kubungabungaEse?
Nubwo bisaba gusana bike ugereranije n'imashini zizunguruka, igenzura rya buri gihe ryibanda kuri:

• Isuzuma ry'imbaraga za dielectric z'amavuta akingira ubushyuhe (ku moko y’amavuta atwitswe)
• Gukurikirana igice cy'imyotsi mu miyoboro ifite voltage nyinshi
• Isuzuma ry'imiterere y'ibihuru hakoreshejwe infrared thermography

Ibi bisubizo byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki bigaragaza uburyo amahame ya kera ya elegitoronike ahuzwa n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, bitanga ingufu zikwirakwizwa neza kandi zizewe mu buryo butandukanye. Ku bikorwa byihariye nko guhuza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga zigezweho, imiterere igezweho irimo ibice by’icyuma bidafite isura irushaho kunoza imikorere binyuze mu gutakaza umutwaro mwinshi cyane.