Transformers zo mu cyiciro kimwe za JZP: Ubuhanga bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu neza

Mu rwego rw'ubuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikora nk'isano rikomeye hagati yo kohereza amashanyarazi n'ikoreshwa ryayo. Gusobanukirwa neza ubumenyi bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, cyane cyane ibijyanye na switchgear, ni ingenzi ku bahanga mu by'amashanyarazi n'abatekinisiye. Switchgear ni igikoresho gihuriweho gihuza ibikoresho by'ibanze (urugero: bisi, ibyuma bigabanya amashanyarazi) n'ibikoresho by'inyongera (urugero: relays, metre). Inshingano yayo y'ibanze ni ukugenzura no kurinda imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, no kugenzura imikorere myiza kandi ihamye y'imikorere y'amashanyarazi.

 

Gushyira mu byiciro Switchgear

Ibikoresho byo gusimbuza bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu gukoresha n'urugero rw'amashanyarazi:

 

Imiterere: Ubwoko bw'imodoka zigendanwa n'izishobora gukururwa (zishobora gukururwa).

 

Ku rwego rwa Voltage:

 

​Imashini yo gusimbuza ifite ingufu nyinshi: Irimo imiterere idahinduka n'ishobora gukurwaho.

 

​Switchgear ifite Voltage nke: Irimo imiterere idahinduka n'iy'ubwoko bw'ameza.

 

Ibice by'imiterere ya Switchgear

Ubusanzwe, Switchgear igizwe n'uduce dukurikira tw'imikorere, twakuwemo ibyuma bya galvanised kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho imiyoboro migufi:

 

Icyumba cya Busbar: Inzu z'amabasi (abayobora bisi).

 

Icyumba cyo Guhagarika Inzira: Gikubiyemo icyuma gihagarika inzira.

 

Icyumba cy’Ubugenzuzi cya Kabiri (Icyumba cy’Ibikoresho): Ibikoresho byo kugenzura, ibipimo, n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura.

 

Icyumba cyo kugaburira: Gihuza ibikoresho byo kugaburira bisohoka.

 

Ibice by'ingenzi by'imbere:

 

Amabasi y'imodoka (abayobora bisi)

 

Ibikoresho bigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi

 

Amasasu asanzwe yo kwiruka

 

Ibikoresho byo kurinda byinjijwe hamwe

 

Ibipimo

 

Gutandukanya amadirishya

 

Ibipimo

 

Imashini zihindura ubutaka

 

Ibyiciro by'imikorere bya Switchgear

​1. Akabati k'ibicuruzwa byinjira (Akabati k'ibicuruzwa byinjira)​​

Inshingano: Yakira ingufu ziturutse kuri grid hanyuma akazikwirakwiza mu bikoresho bikurikira binyuze mu byuma bigabanya umuriro, CT (Current Transformers), na PT (Transformateur z'amashanyarazi).

 

Akamaro: Ikora nk'urubuga rw'ibanze rwo guhuza gridi.

 

​2. Inama y'abaminisitiri isohoka (Inama y'Abakwirakwiza)​​

Uruhare: Gukwirakwiza ingufu zituruka kuri busbar ku mirongo isohoka, bigatuma ibikoresho bigezwa ku bakoresha bihoraho.

 

3. Akabati ko gushyiramo bisi

Inshingano: Ihuza ibice bibiri bya bisi, ishyigikira sisitemu ya bisi imwe cyangwa bisi ebyiri kugira ngo ikore neza.

 

​4. Akabati ka PT (Transformer ishobora kubaho Akabati)​​

Inshingano: Igenzura amashanyarazi ya busbar kandi yorohereza sisitemu zo kurinda. Ifite PT, swichi zo kwitandukanya, fiyuzi, n'ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

 

5. Akabati ko gushyira mu mwanya wa kontineri

Inshingano: Itanga ahantu hagaragara ho guhagarika ibikorwa byo gusana, ikuramo bisi cyangwa ibikoresho ku masoko y'amashanyarazi. Isaba guhuza ibyuma bigabanya amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko impanuka ikora.

 

6. Akabati k'indishyi za Capacitor

Uruhare: Kunoza ingufu no kugabanya imyanda y'ingufu binyuze mu gutanga indishyi ku ngufu.

 

7. Akabati ko gupima

Uruhare: Gupima ikoreshwa ry'ingufu (kWh) hakoreshejwe ibipimo, CT, PT, n'ibikoresho by'inyongera nka moniteur z'imizigo.

 

​8. Akabati ka GIS (Ibikoresho bikingira amashanyarazi)​

Uruhare: Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi/ubushobozi bwinshi hakoreshejwe gaze ya SF6 mu gukingira, bigamije gutuma umutekano n'ubwirinzi birushaho kwiyongera.

 

Ibice by'ingenzi n'inshingano zabyo

Umuvuduko w'uruziga

Imikorere: Ihuza/ihagarika imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu bihe bisanzwe kandi igahagarika imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (urugero: imiyoboro migufi).

 

Kuzimya Arc: Ikoresha ibikoresho nka SF6 gaze, vacuum, cyangwa peteroli mu kuzimya arcs mu gihe cyo kuzimya.

 

Gutandukanya Switch (Gukuraho Ibikoresho)​

Imikorere: Ikuramo neza imiyoboro ifite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo ibungabungwe. Nta bushobozi bwo gucika kw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi buhagije; igomba gukoreshwa hamwe n'imiyoboro igabanya umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

 

Fuse

Imikorere: Irinda imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ishonga iyo umuyoboro w'amazi ukomeje kwiyongera, bigasaba gusimburwa nyuma yo kuyikoresha.

 

Guhindura Umutwaro

Imikorere: Ihagarika imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi myinshi ariko ntikoreshwe mu buryo bugufi. Akenshi ihuzwa na fuse zo kurinda umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukabije.

 

Transformer

Imikorere: Ihindura urugero rw'amashanyarazi binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi, igipimo cy'amashanyarazi, n'imikorere myiza.

 

Umwanzuro

Gusobanukirwa amahame agenga switchgear—harimo imiterere yayo, ibice byayo, n'imikorere yayo—ni ingenzi cyane mu kwemeza ko sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zizewe kandi zitekanye.