Gusohora igice cy'amaraso mu byuma bihindura umwuka bitwikiriye amavuta: Imiterere n'impamvu zisanzwe zitera urwego rukabije rwa PD

01 Intangiriro

Gusohora igice cy'amazi (PD) mu mazi yinjijwemo amavuta Transformateur z'ingufu Ikomeje kuba ikibazo kizwi ku isi hose mu nganda za transformer. Inganda nyinshi zagize igihombo gikomeye bitewe n’ibibazo byatewe na PD.

Kurenga PD bishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo gupima uruganda, igenzura ry’abakiriya, cyangwa ahantu abakiriya bahurira. Gushaka aho PD ituruka akenshi ni nko "kubona urushinge mu gipangu cy’ibyatsi," bigatera gusubiramo imirimo imara iminsi cyangwa amezi, bigatera igihombo gikomeye ku bakora cyangwa abakoresha.

Kubwibyo, gusuzuma no kumenya vuba impamvu zitera PD ikabije ni ingenzi cyane.

02 Ibisobanuro n'imiterere

Nubwo nta gisobanuro cyemewe gihari, umwanditsi asobanura PD nk'iki:
[Isohoka ry’amazi ribera ahantu haherereye muri transformateur itaratuma habaho kwangirika cyangwa guhindagurika kw’ikirere ako kanya.]

Ibintu bya PD biratandukanye cyane ariko bihuriye ku kintu kimwe:
[Inenge mu miterere, mu bikoresho, cyangwa mu nganda mu buryo bwo gushyushya ibintu zituma amashanyarazi ahindagurika cyane kurusha imbaraga za dielectric muri icyo gihe, bigatuma habaho ihindagurika rya ionization risubiramo, rito kandi ridakwirakwira.]

Muri make, imiterere ya PD ishingiye ku bunini bw'amashanyarazi busanzwe burenga imbaraga z'amashanyarazi atangira gukoreshwa.

03 Impamvu z'ingenzi

Hashingiwe ku buryo bwa PD, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gitera amashanyarazi menshi ahantu runaka gishobora gutera PD kurenza urugero.

3.1 Ahantu hagenewe PD
PD ishobora guturuka kuri:

Ibihuru

 

Abahindura amatapi ya OLTC/DETC

 

Abayobora

 

Ingufu zo kuzunguruka

 

Ibice byo gusiga hasi

 

Ubuso bw'ubushyuhe/ubusembwa bw'imbere

 

Amavuta ya transformer

Ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa cyane:Umwotsi uva mu byuma bikomeye cyangwa utubumbe twa gaze mu mavuta.
Impamvu:Mu gihe cy'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zijyanye n'igihe ntarengwa cya dielectric (ε).

Ubwikorezi bw'impapuro ε ≈ 4.4

 

Ibyuma by'umwuka ε ≈ 2.0
→ Ingufu z'umwuka zigira imbaraga nyinshi zo mu kibuga ≈2.2 ×.
Ifite imbaraga nke zo gusenyuka (AC ≈2kV/mm), imyanda/udupira tuba intege nke zo gutangira PD.

3.2 Ubwoko bwa PD
Ubwoko busanzwe bwa PD muri Transformer ikoreshwa mu mavutas:

Isohoka ry'ibibyimba bya gaze

 

Amasohoro aterwa n'ubushuhe(ubushyuhe butose)

 

Gusohora electrode ikaze(amapine y'amashanyarazi afite amashanyarazi menshi/amashanyarazi yo hasi)

 

Isohoka rishobora kureremba

 

Icyuho cy'amavuta gikozwe mu ishusho y'umugozi

 

Amaraso ava mu duce tw'icyuma/udukoko twanduye

 

Ubusembwa bwo gufatana(kole ikabije/idafite ubuziranenge mu masahani yo gufunga/impeta zo ku mpera)

Incamake y'ingenzi:

Kurenga PD akenshi ntibikunze kubaho bitewe n'imiterere (amahirwe ≈0.5%).
95%+ bituruka ku nenge z'ibikoresho, imikorere, cyangwa imbogamizi mu nganda.

Impamvu:Iyo ingufu zirenze urugero (LI, LIC, SI, LTAC) zihinduwe mu buryo bungana n'umunota 1 bwo kwihanganira ingufu (Guhindura DIL), byose birengeje voltage ya PD test (IVPD). Ubwishingizi bw'ingenzi/longitudinal bwagenewe ikirere gifite voltage nyinshi cyane.

Oya.	Ubwoko bwa PD	Aho biherereye	Uburyo	Imanza Zisanzwe
1	Gusohora Electrode Ikomeye	Ibice bifunga, ikigega, ibyuma bizamuka, aho ibyuma bifunga icyuma	Umwanya muto wo kuzunguruka → ubucucike bwinshi bw'umushari → ubwinshi bukabije bw'umurima	Amaboliti adakingiye hafi ya electrode za HV; impande zityaye ku gikingira cy'ingufu
2	Ifuro rya Gazi/Isenyuka ry'Ibintu Bidafite Ingufu	Udupira mu mavuta / imyanda mu byuma bikomeye bikingira	Ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi rigabanuka (ε≈1) → imbaraga nyinshi zo mu murima + imbaraga nke zo kwangirika (2kV/mm)	Ifu idafite umwuka uhagije; kuzuza amavuta vuba; kole nyinshi/idafite ubushobozi bwo gufata neza impeta/imibumbe iringaniza
3	Amasohoro aterwa n'ubushuhe	Ingufu zo gutwikira, insulation y'ibanze, ibyuma bifunga	Ubushuhe bugabanya imbaraga za dielectric ku kigero cya 60-70%	Kudakomeza gukamura neza igice cy'imbere cy'inzu; guhumeka cyane mu kirere mu gihe cyo guteranya
4	Gusohoka kw'amazi mu kirere bishobora kureremba	Ikibaho cyo gukanda, inkingi z'icyuma gishyigikira icyuma, ibyuma bikurura amashanyarazi	Kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi → umuvuduko utunguranye w'amaraso	Uburinzi bwa rukuruzi budapfundikiye; impeta z'amashanyarazi zidafatanye neza
5	Isohoka ry'imyanda	Amazi/imigozi/uduce tw'icyuma mu mavuta	Guhindura imiterere y'umurima + amazi yongera uburemere bw'umurima ku kigero cya 2.9 ×	Kudasukura amavuta bihagije; igice cy'imbere cyanduye; kwinjira k'ubushuhe

04 Ishusho

Gusobanukirwa ubwoko busanzwe bwa PD, uburyo, aho ingero ziherereye, n'inyigo z'ingero ni ingenzi mu gukemura ibibazo byibasiwe.

Ubwo bumenyi buhuriweho n'amahame agenga ihuza rya transformer, imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini, imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini, aho polarite iherereye, n'ibizamini byo gusuzuma, butuma umuntu amenya impamvu y'imashini vuba kandi bukagabanya igihombo cy'ubwiza.