Uburyo bwo guhitamo no kurinda uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibikoresho bya Transformer ya 110kV Neutral Point Grounding Methods

Intangiriro

Mu buryo bw'ingufu zifite ingufu nyinshi, uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingufu za transformer ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano wa sisitemu, kwizerwa no kudahungabana. Kuri sisitemu z'ingufu za 110kV, guhitamo uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingufu za neutral bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku rugero rwo gukingira ibikoresho, kurinda ingufu zirenze urugero, uburyo bwo kurinda relay, no kwizerwa kw'amashanyarazi. Mu Bushinwa, sisitemu za 110kV zikunze gukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingufu za uburyo bwo gusimbuza ubutaka bufite akamaro gatoaho ingingo zimwe na zimwe za transformer zidafite aho zihuriye n’ubutaka ziba zishingiye ku butaka mu gihe izindi ziguma zidafite aho zishingiye, hagamijwe kugabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi mu buryo bumwe mu gihe hirindwa ingaruka z’amashanyarazi arenze urugero.

Iyi nkuru isesengura imiterere, ibyiza, n'imbogamizi z'uburyo butandukanye bwo gusimbuza transformer ya 110kV, isesengura ingamba nziza zo gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurinda, kandi igaragaza uko iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rigenda.

Uburyo 1 bw'ingenzi bwo gusimbuza ibyuma bidafite aho bibogamiye kuri transfoma za 110kV

1.1 Gutera ubutaka mu buryo butaziguye

Gushinga hasi mu buryo butaziguyeyerekeza ku guhuza neza hagati y’agace ka transformer n’ubutaka. Ubu buryo bukemura neza ubushobozi bw’agace ka neutral, butuma mu gihe cy’ikosa ry’ubutaka mu gice kimwe, izamuka ry’amashanyarazi ritarenze inshuro 1.4 z’amashanyarazi mu gice kimwe. Ibi bifasha kugabanya ibisabwa mu gukingira ibikoresho no kugabanya ikiguzi.

Ariko, ikibazo gikomeye ni uko umuriro w'ubutaka ufite icyiciro kimwe cyane(kugeza kuri ampere ibihumbi byinshi), bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi ubangamira ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi no kudatezuka kwa sisitemu. Kubwibyo, gushingira ku butaka mu buryo butaziguye bikoreshwa muri sisitemu za 110kV no ku muvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi aho gukuraho amakosa byihuse biba ngombwa.

1.2 Ungrounded Neutral

Muri sisitemu idafunze, aho transformer itagira aho ibogamiye iba irinzwe n'ubutaka. Iyo habayeho ikibazo cy'ubutaka cy'icyiciro kimwe, umuriro w'amashanyarazi uba muto cyane (cyane cyane umuriro w'amashanyarazi wa sisitemu), bigatuma sisitemu ikomeza gukora igihe gito (ubusanzwe kugeza ku masaha 2). Ibi byongera cyane kwizera gutanga amashanyarazi.

Ariko, muri sisitemu zidafite ubutaka, amakosa yo mu butaka bw’icyiciro kimwe ashobora gutuma voltage y’icyiciro kitari ikibazo izamuka ikagera ku rugero rwa voltage y’umurongo. Iyo insulation idakomeye, ibi bishobora gutuma habaho kwangirika, bikagera ku ikosa ryo kuva ku cyiciro kugeza ku kindi. Byongeye kandi, gusimbuza arc bishobora gutuma habaho amashanyarazi arenze urugero, ikagera ku nshuro 3–3.5 z'umuvuduko wa phase, ikagira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwa transformer.

1.3 Gutera hasi hakoreshejwe Impedance Nto

Kugira ngo harebwe ibyiza n'ibibi by'imishinga yo gufunga ubutaka mu buryo butaziguye n'imishinga idafunze, uburyo bwo gusimbuza impedanceikunze gukoreshwa. Ibi birimo gusigwa hakoreshejwe uburyo buke bwo kwirinda cyangwa uburyo buke bwo gusubiza ibintu.

• Gutera hasi mu buryo buciriritse: Igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku ma-ampere amagana menshi, ikagabanya ingaruka kuri sisitemu mu gihe ikomeza gukora neza. Ubu buryo bugabanya imbaraga zirenze urugero kandi bukwiriye imiyoboro ikwirakwiza umuriro cyane ifite imiyoboro minini ikoresha capacitive.
• Gutera Ingufu Nto zo Gutera Ingufu: Ishobora gukuraho umuyoboro wa capacitive wa sisitemu binyuze mu muyoboro wa inductive, bigabanyije amahirwe yo kongera imbaraga. Ubu buryo bukunze gufatwa nk'uburyo bwo gusimbuza butanga umusaruro.

Gutera hasi hakoreshejwe impedance nto bihuza ibyiza bya sisitemu zombi zigororotse n’izidafite aho zihuriye n’ubutaka, bitanga ingufu zirenze urugero kandi zitanga amashanyarazi menshi. Ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu za 110kV, cyane cyane izifite umuvuduko munini w’amashanyarazi cyangwa zisaba ingufu nziza.

2 Uburyo bwo kurinda ingingo za Transformer za 110kV

2.1 Ibikangisho by'amashanyarazi arenze urugero

Ubusanzwe, urwego rwo gukingira amashanyarazi rwa transformer ya 110kV ni ifite ubwishingizi buciriritse, hamwe n'igipimo cy'amashanyarazi adashobora kwihanganira kimwe cya gatatu cy'umusozo w'umurongo. Ibi bituma aho hantu hatagira aho hahurira n'ingufu zo kwangirika k'amashanyarazi. Ubwoko bw'ibanze bw'amashanyarazi arenze urugero burimo:

• Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gupima amashanyarazi: Biterwa no guhindura umurongo, imiyoboro migufi idahuje, cyangwa gutakaza umutwaro mu buryo butunguranye.
• Ingufu nyinshi zo mu kirere: Biterwa no guhindagurika kw'ibintu biterwa n'imikoranire hagati y'ibintu bifasha mu gukora ibintu n'ibifasha mu gukora ibintu mu gihe cy'imikorere cyangwa amakosa ya sisitemu.
• Guhindura Overvoltage: Biterwa no guhindura ingufu za rukuruzi na electrostatic mu gihe cyo gufungura cyangwa gufunga circuit breakers.
• Umuriro ukabije: Biterwa n'inkuba, birangwa n'uburebure bwinshi n'igihe gito.

2.2 Ibikoresho Bisanzwe byo Kurinda

Kugira ngo urinde ingingo ya transformer idafite aho ibogamiye, ibikoresho bikurikira byo kurinda bikunze gukoreshwa:

• Abafata impanuka: Ibi bigabanya amashanyarazi menshi cyane ndetse n'amashanyarazi amwe na amwe ahindagurika cyane. Ariko, ibikoresho bisanzwe bigabanya amashanyarazi akenshi ntibihagije ku rugero rwo hasi rw'ubushyuhe bwa transformer ya 110kV, bigatuma guhitamo bigorana.
• Icyuho cyo Kwitandukanya: Ibi birinda frequency y'ingufu n'ingufu nyinshi. Iyo volteji ibaye nyinshi, icyuho kiracika, bigatera epfo aho volteji ihagarara kugira ngo volteji igabanuke. Ingorane ni ukugorwa no guhindura neza intera y'ingufu, bishobora gutuma uburinzi butiyongera.
• Isano iri hagati ya Surge Arrester na Gap: Ubu ni uburyo bwo kurinda bukoreshwa cyane. Imashini ifata umuraba icunga umuraba urenze urugero, mu gihe icyuho kireba ingano y'imbaraga n'ingufu zirenze urugero. Icyuho kandi kirinda imashini ifata umuraba urenze urugero rw'imbaraga zishobora gutuma inanirwa. Ubu buryo butanga inyungu zuzuzanya.

2.3 Imiterere y'Uburinzi bw'Ihererekanya

Uburinzi bwo gusimbuza transformer ya 110kV bukubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira:

• Uburinzi bw'ubu buryo bw'uruhererekane ntarengwa: Ku bahinduramajwi bashinze imizi, uburinzi bw'umuriro butagira urukurikirane bukorwa kugira ngo bukureho vuba amakosa yo mu butaka. Ubusanzwe uburinzi bugabanyijemo ibice, hamwe n'igihe gito cyo gutinda kugira ngo hamenyekane aho amakosa aherereye n'igihe kirekire cyo gutinda kugira ngo impande zose za transformer zigwe.
• Uburinzi bwa Voltage ya Zero-Sequence n'Uburinzi bw'Umuvuduko w'Icyuho: Ku bahinduramajwi badafite ibidukikije, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kurinda voltage y'uruhererekane rwa zero n'uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro w'uruhererekane rw'icyuho. Iyo ikibazo cy'ubutaka gitumye sisitemu itakaza aho ihagaze, bigatuma voltage y'uruhererekane rw'impande zitagira aho zibogamiye, icyuho kiracika. Uburinzi bw'umuriro w'uruhererekane rw'icyuho cyangwa uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi bw'uruhererekane rw'icyuho bukora ku gihe (0.3–0.5s) kugira ngo butere transformer impande zose.
• Guhuza Uburinzi bw'Inyongera: Kugira ngo habeho guhitamo neza, gutinda kw'igihe cyo kurinda nta ruhererekane bigomba guhuzwa. Urugero, gutinda kw'igihe cyo kurinda inyuma kuri transformateur bigomba kuba birebire kuruta uko birinda umurongo ishyigikira.

3 Inama zo kunoza no gusesengura imanza

3.1 Inzitizi z'Uburyo gakondo

Mu gihe ikoreshwa rya ibifunga by'umuvuduko w'amazi bibangikanye n'icyuhoni ibisanzwe, ubu buryo bufite inenge nyinshi:

• Ingorane mu guhitamo abafata ibitero by'ingufu: Biragoye kubona ibikoresho bisanzwe bihagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi byujuje ibisabwa haba voltage ihoraho ihoraho ndetse na voltage nkeya isigara ku ngufu za transformer ya 110kV.
• Imbogamizi mu Gushyiraho Icyuho: Ingufu zo gusenya icyuho cy'umwuka zishobora gukwirakwira, bigatuma bigorana guhuza neza imikorere y'icyuho mu gihe "hatakaye ubutaka" no mu gihe "hataka".
• Uburyo bwo Kurinda Relay Bugoye: Uburinzi ku "gutakaza ubutaka" (nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amashanyarazi n'uburinzi bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utagira icyuho) bushobora gukora nabi, bigasaba ibindi bipimo byo gukumira, byongera ubukana no kugabanya ubwizigirwa.

3.2 Ibyiza byo Gutera Ingufu hakoreshejwe Uburyo Buto bwo Gutera Ingufu

Ubushakashatsi n'imikorere bigaragaza ko gushingira ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye binyuze mu buryo buto bwo gukorabitanga inyungu zikomeye ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gusimbuza igice cy'ubutaka:

• Ibisabwa ku rwego rwo gukingira ubwishingizi byagabanutse: Nyuma yo gukoresha icyuma gito gipima imiterere y’amashanyarazi, urwego rw’ubushyuhe bw’aho transformer ihagarara rushobora kugabanuka kuva kuri 35kV kugera kuri 20kV, bigakuraho gukenera ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko n’icyuho kandi byoroshya uburyo bwo kurinda.
• Uburyo bwo Gutera Ingufu Buhuriweho: Ubu buryo bukuraho kubaho kwa sisitemu yihariye idafunze, bigatuma bworoshya cyangwa butagaragaza uburyo bwo kurinda bujyanye na yo, bityo bikazamura ukwizerwa.
• Kugumana Ibyiza: Igumana inyungu zo gushingira ku gice cy'ubutaka, nko kurinda zero-sequence byoroshye kandi byizewe, mu gihe igabanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'igice kimwe.

3.3 Isesengura ry'Urugero rw'Inyigo

Urugero ni uguhindura sitasiyo ya terminal ya 110kV. Igishushanyo mbonera cya mbere cyakoreshejwe agakoresho gafata umuvuduko w'amazi gafatanye n'icyuhoku kurinda ingingo zitagira aho zibogamiye. Ariko, nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibintu bike, urwego rwo gukingira rw'ingingo zitagira aho zibogamiye rwagabanutse, ibikoresho byo kurinda byoroshywa, kandi uburyo bwo gukora bwarushijeho kuba bwiza. Imibare yagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo kwirinda hasi bushobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kugeza kuri amperes magana make, kandi uburinzi bwa zeru bushobora guhuzwa byoroshye.

Urundi rubanza rwagaragaje ikosa ryabaye mu gice cy’amashanyarazi cya 110kV aho ikosa ry’ubutaka ry’igice kimwe cy’agateganyo ku murongo winjiye ryatumye habaho icyuho cy’ingingo zitagira aho zibogamiye ndetse n’igwa rya transformer. Isesengura ryagaragaje ko nubwo ikosa ry’umurongo ryari iry’igihe gito, ibitekerezo bivuye ku bwinshi bwa moteri zidahuzaku ruhande rw'umutwaro byatangaga ingufu kuri arc, bikomeza ikibazo. Ibi bigaragaza ko ku bahinduramajwi bafite moteri nyinshi (amasoko angana), uburinzi bwuzuye bw'ingingo zitagira aho zibogamiye, harimo n'umuvuduko ukabije wa zeru, umuvuduko w'icyuho, na voltage ya zeru, ari ngombwa mu gihe cyo gushushanya.

4 Umwanzuro n'icyerekezo

Guhitamo uburyo bwo gusimbuza icyuma cya transformer cya 110kV n’uburyo bwo kugikingira ni akazi gafite ibyiciro byinshi gasaba gusuzuma imiterere ya sisitemu, imiterere y’umutwaro, n’ibisabwa mu buryo bwizewe. Nubwo uburyo busanzwe bwo gusimbuza igice cy’ubutaka hamwe n’ibifunga by’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi n’icyuho ari ibintu bisanzwe, buhura n’imbogamizi mu guhitamo igikoresho no guhuza imiterere yacyo. uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibintu bitoitanga ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gusimbura, bushobora kugabanya ibisabwa mu gukingira, bworoshya uburinzi, kandi bukongera ubwizerwe.

Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rizibanda ku bice bikurikira:

• Gukoresha Ibikoresho Bishya: Nk'icyuho cyuzuye cyangwa icyuho gishobora kugenzurwa gikoreshwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko, byongera ubwizerwe n'ubuziranenge bw'uburinzi.
• Ikoranabuhanga ryo Kurinda Ikoranabuhanga: Gukoresha uburinzi bushingiye kuri mudasobwa nto hamwe na algorithms zigezweho (urugero, kumenya ishusho y'umuraba, gusesengura harmonic) kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kumenya no kwizera uburyo bwo kurinda amakosa yo ku butaka.
• Guhuza no Guhuza: Gutegura ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kurinda ingingo zidafite aho zibogamiye kandi zisanzwe kugira ngo byoroshye igishushanyo mbonera n'isukura.

Muri make, kunoza uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingufu za transformer za 110kV no kuzirinda ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza umutekano, ubwizerwe, n'imikorere myiza y'urwego rw'amashanyarazi. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ibisubizo by'ubwenge kandi binoze byitezweho kugaragara no gukoreshwa mu buryo bukwiranye.