Gusobanukirwa igitutu, uburinzi, na temeterometero za fibre optique

Imikorere yizewe ya Transformer ikoreshwa mu mavuta ahanini biterwa no kudahindagurika kw'amavuta yo mu nzu akingira ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwo kuzunguruka. Gushyuha cyane ni impamvu nyamukuru ituma ubushyuhe bwihuta, kwangirika kw'imikorere, ndetse amaherezo, no kunanirwa. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubushyuhe ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi kandi by'ingenzi mu mikorere no kubungabunga transformateur. Kuva ku byuma bisanzwe bya mashini kugeza kuri sisitemu zigezweho za fibre optique, amateka y'iterambere rya termometero ni iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana transformateur kuva ku kureba mu buryo butunguranye kugeza ku gutanga integuza hakiri kare.

 

Iyi nkuru izagaragaza ku buryo burambuye ubwoko busanzwe bwa termometero zikoreshwa kuri transfoma zikoreshwa mu mavuta, inatange isesengura ryimbitse ry’amahame ngiro yazo n’uburyo zikoreshwa.

 

Igice cya 1: "Igiti cy'umuryango" cya Thermometero - Isesengura rirambuye ry'ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi

Hashingiwe ku mahame yo gupima n'aho ishyirwa, termometero zikoreshwa mu gupima amashanyarazi ziterwa n'amavuta zigabanyijemo ibice bitatu bikurikira. Bifatanyije, bikora umuyoboro w'igenzura ugizwe n'ibice bitatu kuva ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa peteroli kugeza ku hantu hashyushye cyane.

 

1. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko (Igipimo cy'umuvuduko cyo gusoma kure)

Ihame ry'imikorere: Iki ni igikoresho cya kera cya mekanike gishingiye ku kwaguka/gufungana k'ubushyuhe n'ihererekanya ry'umuvuduko w'amazi/gaze. Sisitemu igizwe n'ibice bitatu:

 

Itara ry'ubushyuhe (Sensor): Rishyirwa mu mavuta hejuru y'ikigega cya transformer, ryuzuyemo igikoresho kidakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero: amazi, gazi, cyangwa amazi abira make).

 

Umuyoboro wa Capillary: Umuyoboro muremure w'icyuma uhuza itara n'umutwe w'igipimo, wuzuyemo icyuma gitanga umuvuduko.

 

Umutwe w'igipimo (Icyitegererezo): Ushyizwe ku rukuta rw'ikigega cya transformer cyangwa ku kabati ko kugenzura, bishobora kuba metero imwe uvuye kuri alabu. Imbere yayo ni umuyoboro wa Bourdon - umuyoboro w'icyuma ugoramye kandi ugororotse. Iyo alabu ishyushye, impinduka z'umuvuduko w'imbere zoherezwa binyuze mu muyoboro wa kapilari ujya kuri alabu ya Bourdon, bigatuma ihinduka. Uku guhinduka kwimura icyerekezo binyuze mu buryo bwo guhuza, bigaragaza ubushyuhe.

 

Ibiranga by'ingenzi:

 

Ni imashini gusa, nta ngufu zikenewe hanze, nta bushobozi bwiza bwo kwirinda ingaruka z'amashanyarazi, kandi ni ubwizigirwa buri hejuru cyane.

 

Umutwe w'igipimo ushobora gushyirwaho uri kure kugira ngo worohereze gusoma aho uherereye.

 

Ubusanzwe ifite ibintu 1-2 bishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bifashe mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe burenze urugero n'igihe cy'urugendo.

 

Ubuhanga n'umuvuduko wo gusubiza ni bike ugereranije n'ubwoko bw'ikoranabuhanga, kandi umuyoboro wa capillary ushobora kwangirika.

 

Ikoreshwa Risanzwe: Igikoresho cy'ibanze cyo kugenzura no gutanga amakuru ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya peteroli, ikintu gisanzwe kuri transfoma zose zikoreshwa mu mavuta.

 

2. Igikoresho cyo gupima ubushyuhe (RTD, urugero, PT100)

Ihame ry'imikorere: Hashingiwe ku miterere y'uko uburinzi bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi buhinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe. Ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu kumenya ni termometero ya platine irwanya ubushyuhe, aho PT100 igaragaza uburinzi bwa 100 ohms kuri 0°C. Uburinzi bwayo buhinduka neza kandi mu buryo bugororotse bitewe n'ubushyuhe.

 

Ibice bigize sisitemu:

 

Igipimo cya Platinum RTD: Gishyirwa mu mwobo wa thermometer uri hejuru ya transformateur, cyinjijwe mu mavuta.

 

Igipimo cy'ikiraro n'imashini itwara amakuru: Akenshi ishyirwa mu gice cy'ubugenzuzi gifite ubwenge. Uburyo bwo kugenzura neza bupima ubushobozi bwa PT100 bwo guhangana n'ingufu hanyuma bukayihindura ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi cya 4-20mA cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga.

 

Ibiranga by'ingenzi:

 

Ubuhanga bwo gupima buri hejuru, ibimenyetso bishobora koherezwa mu ntera ndende, kandi bikaba ari byiza kwirinda urusaku.

 

Umusaruro ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe cy'amashanyarazi, gihuzwa byoroshye na platforms zikora ikoranabuhanga nka SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) na DCS (Distributed Control Systems) kugira ngo ikurikiranwe mu buryo bwa kure.

 

Akenshi ishyirwa hamwe na thermometer yo mu bwoko bwa pressure, ikora nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura no kwandika ubushyuhe bw'amavuta hakoreshejwe kure.

 

Ikoreshwa Risanzwe: Rikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru ari kure no kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amavuta mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, inkingi y'ingenzi y'amatara agezweho yikora kandi adakurikiranwa.

 

3. Sisitemu yo gupima ubushyuhe bwa Fiber Optic (Igipimo cya "Hot-Spot" cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane)

Ihame ry'imikorere: Ubu ni bwo buryo bugezweho kandi bugezweho bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe. Bushingiye kuri fiziki ya Fiber Bragg Gratings.

 

Sensor ya Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG): Impinduka mu gipimo cya refractive index (grating) yandikwa mu gice cya fibre optique yihariye hakoreshejwe laser. Umumaro wayo w'ingenzi: Umucyo w'uburebure runaka (uburebure bwa Bragg) uragaragara, kandi ubu burebure bwa reflection buhinduka ku murongo hamwe n'impinduka mu bushyuhe (cyangwa imbaraga) aho grating iherereye.

 

Uburyo bwo gupima: Insinga ya fiber optique yoroshye iriho sensors nyinshi za FBG ishyirwa imbere hagati y’ibice by’ubushyuhe bya windings zifite voltage nyinshi ahantu hateganyijwe gushyuha cyane mu gihe cyo gukora transformer. Sisitemu itanga urumuri rwa interineti, kandi ikoresheje gusesengura uburebure bw’umurambararo bugaragara kuri buri gasongero, ishobora kubona neza kandi mu buryo nyabwo ubushyuhe bwuzuye ahantu hatandukanye muri winding.

 

Ibiranga by'ingenzi:

 

Gupima ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hashyushye mu buryo butaziguye, ntabwo ari ugupima mu buryo butaziguye. Amakuru ni ay'ukuri kandi yizewe cyane.

 

Ifite umutekano mu buryo busesuye: Fibre y'urumuri ikozwe muri silica, irinda ubushyuhe, irwanya amashanyarazi menshi, kandi irinda amashanyarazi kubangamira amashanyarazi, ikora neza mu bice bikomeye bya EM.

 

Igipimo gikwirakwizwa: Fibre imwe ishobora kwakira ingingo nyinshi zo kumva, bigatuma habaho ikarita yuzuye y'ubushyuhe bw'aho uruziga ruzenguruka.

 

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukoresha transformer "Dynamic Rating" no gusuzuma ubuzima bwose.

 

Ikoreshwa Risanzwe: Transformateur nini, z'ingenzi (urugero, EHV, transformateurs z'ingufu), sitasiyo zigezweho zisaba gucunga ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo.

 

Igice cya 2: Gusobanura Igitekerezo cy'ingenzi – Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru y'amavuta ugereranije n'ubushyuhe bwo kuzunguruka

Iki ni igitekerezo cy'ingenzi kandi ni ahantu ho gutangirira mu guhitamo ubwoko bwa termometero.

 

Ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo hejuru: Ipima ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo hejuru y'ikigega. Igaragaza umutwaro w'ubushyuhe muri rusange wa transformer ariko ifite ubushyuhe buke. Iyo umutwaro uhindutse, ubushyuhe bwo kuzunguruka buhinduka vuba, hagakurikiraho ubushyuhe bw'amavuta. Ibipimo bya thermometer byo mu bwoko bwa pressure na RTD.

 

Ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hashyushye cyane: Bivuga ahantu hashyushye cyane muri transformateur yose, ikunze kuba mu gice cyo hejuru cy'aho amashanyarazi anyura. Ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyane kigena igipimo cyo gusaza kw'ingufu n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara. Uburyo gakondo ntibushobora kubipima mu buryo butaziguye, ahubwo bushingiye ku gipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ingufu (WTI) kibigereranya/kibigereranya hakoreshejwe "ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo hejuru + gukosora umuriro." Igipimo cya fibre optique ni cyo ikoranabuhanga ryonyine rishobora kubipima mu buryo butaziguye kandi neza.