Transformer yo mu bwoko bwa Substation ni iki?

Sitasiyo yo gusimbuzatransformateurni ubwoko bwihariye bwa transformateur yagenewe guhindura urugero rw'amashanyarazi muri substation. Yorohereza kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva ku mirongo yohereza ingufu nyinshi zijya ku rugero rwo hasi rw'amashanyarazi akwiriye gukwirakwizwa ku bakoresha.

Transformers za sitasiyo zikoresha amashanyarazi:

Transformateur z'ibikoresho by'ingenzibikoreshwa cyane cyane na Gukwirakwiza Ingufu amasosiyete. Bahabwa amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi kandi bakayagabanya kugeza ku muvuduko muke, hanyuma agakwirakwizwa mu ngo no mu bigo by'ubucuruzi. Izi transformateur zishobora gutanga umuriro wa AC mu cyiciro kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatu, kandi ni ingenzi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo mu mijyi no mu byaro. Gushyiramo transformateur z'amashanyarazi akenshi bubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga nka IEC na IEEE, bigatuma habaho kwizera no kurinda umutekano.

Transformers zo mu bwoko bwa "Sisitesiyo" z'umuntu ku giti cye:

Transformateur zikoresha amashanyarazi ku giti cyazo zikorera abakoresha ku giti cyabo, nko mu mashuri, mu bitaro no muri resitora. Izi transformateur zisanzwe zikora ku rugero rw'amashanyarazi ari hagati n'ari hasi, zigatanga ingufu zijyanye n'ibyo ikigo gikeneye. Ni ingenzi cyane mu duce dukenera ingufu zihariye, bigafasha kugabanya ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi no kunoza ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi.

Transformer yo munsi y'ubutaka:

Transformateur zo munsi y’ubutaka zagenewe by’umwihariko gushyirwamo aho umwanya ari muto. Izi transformateur zishyirwa munsi y’ubutaka kugira ngo zigabanye ingaruka zigaragara kandi zikirinde ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije. Ibikoresho byihariye n’amavuta bikunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo byuzuze amahame y’umutekano n’ubuziranenge, bigabanya ibyago byo gukora mu mijyi ifunze. Izi transformateur zituma ndetse no mu mijyi ituwe cyane, ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi rikomeza kuba ryiza kandi ritabangamira abantu.

Ni gute umuntuTransformer y'ibikoresho byo mu nzuAkazi?

Imikorere ya sitasiyo ntotransformateurishingiye ku ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi. Iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usimburana (AC) unyura mu ruziga rw'ibanze, birema imbaraga za rukuruzi. Iyi ngufu ya rukuruzi itera imbaraga za rukuruzi mu ruziga rw'inyongera binyuze mu ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi.

Dore isesengura rirambuye ry'uburyo ibintu bikorwa:

1. Voltage yinjiye: Transformateur yakira amashanyarazi afite voltage nyinshi aturutse ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyuze ku ruhande rufite voltage nyinshi. Iyi voltage isanzwe iri hagati ya kV 11 na kV 440, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa transformateur y'ibikoresho.
2. Uburyo bwo Gutera: Umuriro mu ruziga rw'ibanze utanga imbaraga za rukuruzi, hanyuma zigatera imbaraga za rukuruzi mu ruziga rw'inyongera. Igipimo cy'umubare w'izunguruka mu ruziga rw'ibanze n'urw'inyongera ni cyo kigena niba ingufu zazamuwe cyangwa zagabanutse.
3. Guhindura Voltage: Hashingiwe ku miterere ya transformateur, voltage iterwa ishobora kwiyongera (transformateur izamuka) cyangwa ikagabanuka (transformateur imanuka) kugeza ku rwego rwifuzwa. Ibi ni ingenzi mu kuringaniza voltage mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi no kwemeza ko igera ku bakoresha mu buryo butekanye.
4. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha: Muri Transformer ikoreshwa mu mavutas, amavuta ayikikije afasha gukonjesha imiyoboro n'inyuma by'imashini. Uko transformateur ikora, ubushyuhe buratangwa, maze amavuta akayakuramo ubushyuhe, bigafasha kugumana ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora.
5. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi usohoka: Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wahinduwe woherezwa unyuze ku ruhande rufite voltage nke, witeguye gukwirakwizwa ku bakoresha. Ubusanzwe iyi voltage iri hagati ya 0.6 kV na 35 kV, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ngo no mu bucuruzi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwaTransformers zo mu busitaniHari?

Transformateur za substation zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku bipimo bitandukanye, harimo urwego rw'amashanyarazi, intego, n'uburyo bwo gushyiraho.

-Transformers zo mu bwoko bwa High Voltage Substations: Izi transformers zikora ku rugero rwa voltage ruri hagati ya 11 kV na 69 kV kandi zagenewe gucunga amashanyarazi afite voltage nyinshi.

-EHV (Extra High Voltage) Substations: Transformers za EHV zikora n'amashanyarazi kuva kuri 132 kV kugeza kuri 440 kV, zigira uruhare runini mu kohereza ingufu mu ntera ndende.

-Transformers zo mu bwoko bwa Step-Up na Step-Up: Izi transformers zongera cyangwa zigabanya urugero rw'amashanyarazi uko bikenewe, bigatuma ingufu zikwirakwira neza mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

-Transformer yo kwitandukanyas: Ibi bikoreshwa mu gutandukanya ibice bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi, bigamije umutekano mu gihe cyo kuyasana no kuyakoresha.

-Transformers zihindura ingano y'amashanyarazi: Izi transformers zidakunze gukoreshwa mu ngo, zihindura ingano y'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane akoreshwa mu nganda.

Transformer ya Substation ipima angahe?

Uburemere bwa transformateur y’icyuma gihindura ikirere bushobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’imiterere yacyo, ubushobozi, n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa. Muri rusange, transformateur nini zishobora gupima toni nyinshi. Urugero, transformateur ifite ubushobozi bwa kVA 5000 ishobora gupima ibiro bigera ku 27.000 (hafi ibiro 60.000), mu gihe transformateur nini zishobora kurenza ibiro 50.000 (hafi ibiro 110.000).

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buremere:

-Isuzuma ry'ubushobozi: Transformers zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru zizarushaho gupima bitewe n'inyongera z'imigozi izunguruka n'imirongo minini.

- Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe: Ubwoko bw'amavuta akoreshwa mu gukonjesha (amabuye y'agaciro, imboga, cyangwa siliceous) nabyo bigira uruhare mu gupima uburemere.

-Ibiranga Igishushanyo: Imiterere yihariye ishobora kongera uburemere bitewe n'ibikoresho by'umutekano cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye by'ubwubatsi.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Transformer na Substation

Nubwo transformateur na substations ari ingenzi muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, zifite intego zitandukanye:

-Transformers ni ibikoresho bihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuva ku rwego rumwe ujya ku rundi hakoreshejwe induction ya electromagnetic. Biboneka mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku miturire kugeza ku nganda.

-Ku rundi ruhande, sitasiyo ni ibikoresho bicumbikira transformateur, circuit breakers, n'ibindi bikoresho bigenzura kandi bigacunga urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Bikora nk'ahantu hakomeye ho guhurira amashanyarazi aho amashanyarazi afite voltage nyinshi ahinduka voltage nke kugira ngo akwirakwizwe.

Muri make, gusobanukirwa uburyo transformateurs za sitasiyo zikora ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ukora ibijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi cyangwa gukwirakwiza ingufu. Izi transformateurs ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko amashanyarazi agezwa ku bakoresha mu mutekano no mu buryo bwiza mu gihe habungabungwa ubuziranenge bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Uko icyifuzo cy'ingufu zirambye gikomeza kwiyongera, uruhare rw'aba transformateurs za sitasiyo ruzakomeza kuba ingenzi, bigaragaza ko hakenewe iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga no mu buhanga.