Amakuru y'inganda

Imirimo ishingiye ku buhanga bwa "AI", kuva ku buryo bwo gukora imashini zikora kugeza ku isesengura ry’igihe nyacyo, irimo gutuma ingufu zisabwa mu bigo by’amakuru zigera ku rwego rudasanzwe. Ihugurwa rimwe rinini rya "AI" rishobora gukoresha kWh zirenga miliyoni 10 buri mwaka - zingana no gukoresha ingufu mu ngo 1000 mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi. Hagati aho, ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ku bigo by’amakuru ku isi riteganijwe kwikuba kabiri mu 2030, aho "AI" igira uruhare rwa 30% by’iri zamuka. "Transformers" zisanzwe, zirimo ibibazo by’imikorere mibi n’ihungabana, ziragorwa no guhangana n’ibi bibazo.

Ku isi yose, ibisabwa mu gukoresha ingufu neza bya transformers zikoresha ingufu ziciriritse n’izikoresha ingufu nyinshi biri kwihuta, kandi kutagira amahame ngenderwaho mu gukoresha ingufu ku ruhande rushya rwo gutanga ingufu byabaye ikibazo gikomeye mu myaka ya vuba aha. Muri Mata 2024, Ubushinwa bwasohoye verisiyo nshya y’agaciro ntarengwa k’ingufu n’ibiciro byo gukoresha ingufu neza ku bahindura ingufu (GB20052-2024), yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro muri Gashyantare 2025. Ku nshuro ya mbere, iyi ngenderwaho ikubiyemo transformers za 6kV-66kV zo gutanga ingufu nshya (photovoltaic, umuyaga, kubika ingufu) mu mabwiriza agenga gukoresha ingufu neza, akubiyemo ibintu by’ingenzi bikoreshwa mu guhuza ingufu nshya (urugero: transformers za 35kV ziterwa na peteroli/zo mu bwoko bwumye zirenga 95% by’ikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ingufu rushya).

Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu n’amabwiriza akaze agenga karuboni biri gutuma inganda zisubiramo uburyo bwazo bw’ingufu. Transformateur zisanzwe, zirimo igihombo kinini, ntizigikora. Transformateur zikoresha ingufu neza za JZP ziboneka nk'igisubizo gihindura ibintu, zihuza ubuhanga bugezweho n’ubwizigame bushoboka. Dore uburyo zigabanya kugeza kuri 30% by’ikiguzi cy’ingufu mu gihe zizaba zigamije gukumira ejo hazaza.

Impinduka ku isi yose ijyanye no gukuraho karuboni mu nganda no mu mutekano w’ingufu byatumye habaho ibura ry’ingufu zihamye, zifite ubwenge kandi zirambye. Ishingiro ry’iri hinduka ririmo transformateur z’amashanyarazi aciriritse/akomeye (MHV), zikora nk’inkingi y’umuyoboro wa none, zihuza amasoko y’ingufu zisubira, ikoreshwa ry’inganda, n’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho. Nk’umuyobozi mu gukemura ibibazo by’ingufu, JZP irimo kuvugurura transformateur za MHV kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo bibiri byo guhindura ingufu no kuvugurura imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, yishyira mu mwanya wa mbere mu bikorwa remezo by’igisekuru gitaha.

Guhinduka kw'imigozi mu mashini zihindura amashanyarazi zifite ingufu nyinshi ni ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano, akenshi biterwa n'imbaraga za mekanike, imikorere y'ubushyuhe, cyangwa ingaruka za "short-circuit". Nk'umuyobozi mu gukora transformer, JZP ikurikiza amahame ya DL/T 1093-2018 yerekeye uburyo bwo gukora "Reactance Method" mu gupima "Winding Deformation" kandi ihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo igenzure ko iyubahirizwa kandi ko yizewe. Iyi nyandiko igaragaza ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bya JZP mu gupima "winding deformation", ikubiyemo uburyo, ibisabwa mu bikoresho, n'imikorere.

Mu gihe cy’ibigo by’amakuru bikoresha ubuhanga bwa AI n’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu bicu, transformers zo mu bwoko bw’umuvuduko mwinshi zagaragaye nk’ibice by’ingenzi by’ibikorwa remezo. Izi transformers zigomba kuringaniza imikorere myiza y’ingufu, imicungire y’ubushyuhe, no kwizerwa kugira ngo zihuze n’ibikenewe cyane mu bigo by’amakuru bigezweho. Iyi nkuru igereranya amahame mpuzamahanga agenga imikorere myiza y’ingufu n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha, hibandwa ku bisubizo bishya bya JZP byo kunoza imikorere mu bidukikije bifite ubucucike bwinshi.

Transformer ya Hydrogen Production Rectifier​ ni igikoresho cyihariye cy’amashanyarazi cy’ingenzi mu ikorwa rya hydrogene electrolytic, kikaba inkingi y’ingufu zihindura amashanyarazi asimburana (AC) kuva ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi cyangwa isoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zikajya mu muyoboro uhoraho, ugenzurwa (DC) ukenewe kugira ngo amazi akoreshwe. Inshingano yayo y’ibanze ni ukugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’ingufu za AC zifite voltage nyinshi n’ingufu nke kandi zifite voltage nyinshi DC zikenewe na electrolyzers za hydrogène (urugero: electrolyzers za alkaline cyangwa proton exchange membrane (PEM), zigatanga ingufu zikora neza, zizewe kandi nziza zo kugabanya amazi muri hydrogene na ogisijeni.

Ingufu z'izuba zivanze (CSP) zigaragaza uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu z'izuba, bitandukanye na sisitemu zisanzwe za photovoltaic (PV). Bitandukanye na PV, ihindura urumuri rw'izuba mu buryo butaziguye ikoresheje ibikoresho bya semiconductor, CSP ikoresha indorerwamo cyangwa lenses kugira ngo yereke urumuri rw'izuba ku cyuma gitanga urumuri, bigatanga ubushyuhe butuma habaho uruziga rwa thermodynamic kugira ngo rukore amashanyarazi. Ubu bushobozi bwo kubika ingufu z'ubushyuhe (TES) butuma inganda za CSP zitanga ingufu zishobora koherezwa ndetse no mu gihe cy'ijoro cyangwa mu gihe cy'ibicu, bigakemura ikibazo gikomeye cya sisitemu za PV.

Mu buryo bugezweho bwo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, JZP Energy's Excitation Transformers​ ihagaze nk'ibice by'ingenzi, igenzura imikorere myiza y'imashini zihuza kandi ikomeza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Mu kugenzura neza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi no kubungabunga ubusugire bw'amashanyarazi, izi transformers zigabanya icyuho kiri hagati yo gutanga ingufu zitari ngombwa n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu zinoze. Hasi aha, turasuzuma uruhare rwazo mu guhindura ibintu, udushya mu bya tekiniki, n'ikoreshwa ryazo mu kuyobora ahazaza h'ingufu.

Sisitemu ya "Five Prevention" muri sitasiyo ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kurinda umutekano bugamije gukumira amakosa mu mikorere no kwemeza ko ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bifite ingufu nyinshi bikoreshwa mu mutekano kandi byizewe. Uko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi, izi sisitemu zigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibyago nk'impanuka z'amashanyarazi, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, no kubura kw'amashanyarazi. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma ibisobanuro, ibice, amahame y'imikorere, n'ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo gukumira butanu muri sitasiyo zigezweho.